Chapter 7

Locating, Mining, and Citing Sources

Quality of your research and success of any

paper lies upon locating relevant,

significant, reliable, and current sources

Do NOT use information obtained through a

general search engine

Secondary Sources

Found in books, periodicals, peer-reviewed

journals

Primary Sources

Experiments, observations, surveys,

interviews, diaries, letters

Encyclopedias

AVOID WIKIPEDIA

Footnote references & external links can be useful

Biographical Sources

Almanacs and Yearbooks

Literature Guides and Handbooks

Overviews and Bibliographies

Licensed Databases

www.ccac.edu/library

Provides access to peer-reviewed articles

Held in high regards in academia

Refer to pages 212-215 for effective search terms

Tend to be heavily researched with

numerous notes and references

Generally published by university presses

Authors are university professors

Generally peer reviewed by other scholars

in field

Complete and include the answers to the

AlleyCat Tutorial

Located on next slide

Located on Weebly

Web pages fall into 5 types

Business/marketing

Reference/information

News

Advocacy of a particular POV or

program

Personal page

What’s the likelihood that the information has been checked by anyone other than the author?

What are the author’s qualifications to write on the subject?

What is the reputation of the publisher?

Who is the author?

What are the biases of the Web site?

How current is the site?

Which topics are included in the site? To what extent are the topics covered in depth?

Magazines

Don’t provide citations so of limited usefulness

for scholarly research

Newspapers

Level of bias

Books

watch currency

Government publications and other

statistical sources

Trust?

Interviews and surveys

Bias (tips pg. 222)

Working bibliography

Note-taking

Evaluating sources

Authority, currency, relevance, audience,

bias

Outlining

Avoid plagiarism

Used to document sources to avoid

plagiarism

Consult OWL at Purdue for up-to-date

formulas

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/

Bibliography generators are like Word and

don’t always catch errors

Demonstrate CCAC bib generator

Entries are arranged alphabetically by author, or

by title if there is no author

Each entry includes medium of publication of

source (Print, Web, DVD, etc)

It there is more than one entry per author, works

are arranged alphabetically by title

For second and all additional entries, type three

hyphens and a period in place of the author’s

name

Link to example on Owl at Purdue

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/12/

Every source on Works Cited must be mentioned in

body of paper

Every source cited in an in-text citation must be

included on Works Cited page

First word in each entry of Works Cited must also

appear in the in-text citation

The following is an excerpt from an essay:

This disenfranchisement over his “marginalization in

Anglo society [affected] his individual psyche”

(Delgadillo 99).

------------------------------------------------------------------

Stanko 17

Works Cited

Delgadillo, Theresa. “Forms of Chicana Feminist

Resistance: Hybrid Spirituatlity in Ana

Castillo’s So Far From God.” Modern Fiction

Studies 44.4 (1998):79 – 102. Print.

In-text citations contain two elements

Last name of author

Page number of quoted or paraphrased passage

Information can be placed in parentheses

immediately after the material being cited

The Spanish tried to reduce the status of Filipina women,

who had been able to do business, get divorced, and

sometimes become village chiefs (Karnow 41).

Or place author’s name in an attributive tag at the

beginning of the source material and the page

number in parentheses at the end

According to Karnow, the Spanish tried to reduce the status

of Filipina women, who had been able to do business, get

divorced, and sometimes become village chiefs (41).

1.

A. Richard A. Hawley reports that although the

ancient Chinese used marijuana for medical

purposes, “there is no record of the Chinese

using it as a pleasure-producing drug” (26).

Explanation:

In MLA style, the sentence period comes after

the parenthetical citation.

2.

B. Drugs classified as Schedule I by the Drug

Enforcement Administration are illegal, even

for medical purposes, but they are allowed in

authorized experiments (Henninfield and Ator

63).

Explanation:

When a work has two or three authors, all

authors must be named either in a signal

phrase or in the parenthetical citation.

3.

B. Nearly half of 1,035 oncologists surveyed in

1991 said that if smokable marijuana were

legal for cancer patients, they would prescribe

it (“Cross-Eyed” 89).

Explanation:

When the author of an article is unknown, a

short form of the title is given in the

parenthetical citation.

4.

A. Marshall explains that marijuana can be

dangerous for people with heart conditions

because its use “can dramatically increase

heart rate and blood pressure” (Legalization

79).

Explanation:

A short form of the title of the work appears in

the parenthetical citation because two works

by Marshall are given in the works cited list.

5.

B. The US Drug Enforcement Administration has allowed marijuana to be used in experiments with patients suffering from glaucoma. According to one expert, “Several studies since 1971 have shown that smoking marijuana causes the pressure within the eye to decrease and to remain at a lowered level for about five hours” (Marshall, Legalization67).

Explanation:

The author’s name is not given in the signal phrase (According to one expert)so it appears in the parenthetical citation along with a short form of the title of the work and the page number on which the quotation may be found.

6.

A. The Drug Enforcement Administration of the

US Department of Justice reports that

marijuana use among young people aged

twelve to seventeen in the United States

nearly doubled in the 1990s from 4.3% to

8.3%.

Explanation:

For an unpaginated online source, a signal

phrase giving the author of the source is

sufficient. The abbreviation “n. pag.”is not

necessary.

7.

A. According to a report by the United States Justice Department’s Drug Enforcement Administration, marijuana in the 1990s was about five times more potent than the marijuana of the 1960s.

Explanation:

The signal phrase gives the complete name of the author of the source, in this case a government agency. If the student uses a parenthetical citation, it must include the complete name under which the work is given in the list of works cited: (United States, Dept. of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration).

8.

A. “I consider this [alleviating acute pain and

nausea] a need that has to be filled,” says

Rabbi Isaac P. Fried of New York of his

administration of marijuana to suffering

patients. “Should I buckle under the fear of an

archaic law that doesn’t deal with the present

needs of the 1990’s?” (qtd. In Treaster 38).

Explanation:

When a source is quoted in another source, MLA

style requires the abbreviation “qtd. in” (for

“quoted in”).

9.

B. Brian Hecht sums up the debate over the

medical use of marijuana in three questions:

“(1) Is the drug safe? (2) does it work? And (3)

How does it compare with other available

drugs?” (8).

Explanation:

Because the question mark is in the original

source, it appears inside the quotation mark

and before the parenthetical citation. A

period follows the parentheses.

10.

A. Fiona A. Campbell et al. present the results of

scientific studies on the effectiveness and

safety of using marijuana for medical

purposes.

Explanation:

In MLA style for a work with more than three

authors, the in-text citation matches the

entry in the list of works cited. In this cate,

“et al.” appears after the first author’s

name. Alternatively, the student could use all

the authors’ names in the works cited list and

the in-text citation.

1.

A. “Al Capone.” The History Files. Chicago Hist.

Soc., 1999. Web. 9 Oct. 2002.

Explanation:

For a work without an author, a works cited

entry begins with the title of the source, not

with “Anonymous.”

2.

A. Roark, James L., et al. The American

Promise: A History of the United States. 2nd

compact ed. Boston: Bedford, 2003. Print.

Explanation:

In MLA style, a work with four or more authors

is listed by the name of the first author

followed by “et al.” Alternatively, a work can

be listed by the names of all the authors as

they are given in the source.

3.

A. Biskind, Peter. Easy Riders, Raging Bulls. New

York: Touchstone-Simon, 1998. Print.

Explanation:

In MLA style, the city of publication precedes

the name of the publisher and the date of

publication.

4.

B. The Godfather. Dir. Francis Ford Coppola.

Perf. Marlon Brando and Al Pacino. Paramount,

1972. Film.

Explanation:

Because the student has used dialogue from the

film and has not emphasized one person’s

contribution, the MLA works cited entry

begins with the title of the film, not the

director’s name.

5.

B. Hamill, Pete. “Dapper Don’s Time Gone.”

nydailynews.com. Daily News, 18 June 2001.

Web. 7 Oct. 2002.

Explanation:

Both the date of publication and the date of

access are given for an online source.

6.

A. Biskind, Peter. Easy Riders, Raging Bulls. New

York: Touchstone-Simon, 1998. Print.

Explanation:

Although the student has quoted Towne’s

words, the book in which the words appear

was written by Biskind, not Towne.

7.

A. Mobilio, Albert. “Why Organized Crime Isn’t

What It Used to Be.” Rev. of Gotham

Unbound: How New York City Was Liberated

from the Grip of Organized Crime, by

James B. Jacobs. Village Voice. Village Voice, 29

Sept. 1999. Web. 30 Sept. 2002.

Explanation:

The works cited entry for a review should

include the words “Rev. of” and the title and

author of the work reviewed.

8.

B. Millman, Joyce. “Sympathy for the (Jersey)

Devil.” Salon. Com. Salon Media Group, 27

Feb. 2001. Web. 1 Oct. 2002.

Explanation:

In MLA style for dates, the day precedes the

month, and the day and the month are not

separated from the year with a comma.

9.

B. Agins, Teri, and Joe Flint. “Mobster Chic: It’s

Menswear a la ‘Sopranos,’” Wall Street

Journal 10 Mar. 2003: B1. Print.

Explanation:

In MLA style, the authors’ names are followed

by the title of the article and then the name

of the newspaper, the date, and the page

number.

Your essay is 9 pages in length. Create a complete MLA Works Cited Page using sources listed on Weebly.

interview in person with Robert Akins, November 19, 2010

Website article by Dr. Joshua Smith entitled The Many Uses of Pencils. It was published March 22, 2010 and viewed August 3, 2012. The URL is www.articlesonline.smith/pencils.html

Pens vs. Pencils written by Henry Goldman and Elizabeth Howard. Published by Gold House in Philadelphia in 1989.

The Beauty of Mechanical Pencils by Alexander Morrow, published by Westing Forge in Denver, CO in 2011.

Short video called The Ink of Mystery, directed by Bernard Howard and starring Kurt Sherman, distributed by Public Video in November 2009.

Encyclopedia of Style article, “Writing Utensils,” by John Gruber, published in 2008, 5th edition

We will work on creating a Works Cited

page in class. We will meet in the Writing

Lab in room N-306.

Continue to work on your portfolio

Task #1

Task #2 (we will work with more on

Wednesday)

Task #3