s_chatterjee adb sdgs presentation

7/31/2019 S_Chatterjee ADB SDGs Presentation

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LEARNING FROM THE MDG

EXPERIENCE IN ASIA AND THEPACIFIC

Shiladitya ChatterjeeRegional Advisor on the MDGs

Asian Development Bank

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Main Messages

Despite progress social deprivations remain massiveand must remain central to future development

efforts

Wide disparities in attainments require moreattention to those falling behind

Ensuring ownership of process critical

Information and data deficiencies must be urgently

tackled

Omissions relating to all aspects of capabilitydeprivations must be addressed

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Mixed performance on MDG targets

Gender parity, tertiary

Gender parity, secondary

Gender parity, primary

Primary completion rate

Primary enrollment rate

Underweight children

Income poverty

- 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

Access to improved sanitation, rural

Access to improved sanitation, urban

Access to clean water, rural

Access to clean water, urban

Child mortality rate

Maternal mortality rate

Women in non-agricultural wage employment

Distance to goal achieved by ADB developing member countries since 1990, %

Latest

2015 Forecast

2015 Target

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Despite progress, massive deprivations continue

Asia-Pacifics share of developing worlds deprived people (%)

Without basic sanitation

Infected with TB

Living below $1.25/day

Births without skilled attendance

Underweight children

Number (millions)

Latest 2015

Projected

1,863 1,783

83 69

9 8

871 701

22 19

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Without safe drinking water

Child deaths

Out of primary school

Maternal deaths

Living with HIV

466 367

3 3

15 11

0.14 0.10

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Source: UNESCAP, ADB and UNDP. Accelerating Equitable Achievement of the MDGs: Closing Gaps in Health and Nutrition

Outcomes, Asia-Pacific Regional MDG Report . February 2012.

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Implications Continuance of such large scale

deprivations in Asia-Pacific and theworld imply Eliminating them must be at the heart of any

Even if goals are uniform, indicators andtargets must reflect regional differences

E.g. priority in education is quality notenrolment

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Wide disparities exist in MDG

attainments between countries

103.00

60

80

100

0

20

40

60

East and

Northeast

Asia

North and Central Asia South and Southwest Asia Southeast Asia

IncomeIncomeIncomeIncome

PovertyPovertyPovertyPoverty (%)

0

20

40

East and

Northeast

Asia

North and Central Asia South and Southwest Asia Southeast Asia The Pacific

0

10

20

30

40

50

East and Northeast

Asia

North and Central Asia South and Southwest Asia Southeast Asia The

Pacific

InfantInfantInfantInfantMortalityMortalityMortalityMortality(per 1,000 live births)

UnderweightUnderweightUnderweightUnderweightChildrenChildrenChildrenChildren(% of under age 5)

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In many cases, disparities are widening

Ealier

Year

Gini

coefficient

Later

Year

Gini

coefficient

1 GDP per capita (2000$) 1990 0.739 2010 0.753

Gini indices of inter-country distribution of income and selected MDG

indicators

Indicator

. per ay pover y . .

3 Underweight children 1995 0.296 2005 0.454

4 Under-5 mortality 1990 0.378 2009 0.387

5 Maternal mortality 1990 0.579 2008 0.593

6 TB incidence 1990 0.405 2008 0.447

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Sources : Staff calculation based on the United Nations MDG database.


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Central

Eastern

Child under 5 mortalit Ne al 2006 b develo ment re ion

Country aggregates hide sub-nationalregional variations

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Mid-western

Far-western

Western

Rate per 1,000 live births

Sources : Ministry of Health and Population, New Era, and Macro International Inc,. 2007. Nepal

Demographic and Health Survey 2006.8


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Fourth

Highest

Country aggregates hide attainments

by rich and poorChildren under 5 underweight , India 2005-06 (by wealth quintiles)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Lowest

Second

Middle

Percent

Sources : Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, 2009. Nutrition in India: National Family

Health Survey (NFHS-3) India 2005-06.

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Implications for SDGs

Uniform effort and targets for all countries, ascurrently in the MDGs, cannot be the norm

MDGs require reducing deprivations by half, two thirds etc.for all countries

In countries falling behind, targets should be more

Targets need disaggregation beyond nationallevel to address deprivations arising from

Gender Sub-national differences

Income and wealth differences

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Insufficient ownership of MDGsProportion of DMCs with national MDG

Reports Around 30 % ofAround 30 % ofAround 30 % ofAround 30 % of

ADB developingADB developingADB developingADB developingmember countriesmember countriesmember countriesmember countries

do not havedo not havedo not havedo not have

ReportsReportsReportsReports

Most do notMost do notMost do notMost do not

integrate MDGs inintegrate MDGs inintegrate MDGs inintegrate MDGs in

planning andplanning andplanning andplanning and

budgetingbudgetingbudgetingbudgeting

Sources : United Nations Development Group (http://www.undg.org/index.cfm?P=87). 12


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Example: Health needs and actual

expendituresShare of total health expenditures to GDP, 2009Share of total health expenditures to GDP, 2009Share of total health expenditures to GDP, 2009Share of total health expenditures to GDP, 2009

13

Sources : World Health Organization (2011). National Health Accounts . Geneva.


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Lessons for SDGs Efforts to ensure greater ownership are

critical for success

Close involvement of appropriate government

agencies and country stakeholders indeveloping the SDGs is essential

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Data Challenges

Child mortality

Infant mortality

Skilled birth attendance

Antenatal care (at least once)

TB incidenceTB prevalence

Forest cover

Protected area

ODP substance consumption

Access to clean water, urban

Access to improved sanitation, urban

Number of countries with data from 1990-2011, by indicator

- 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

HIV prevalence

Income poverty

Malnourished population

Maternal mortality rate

Reaching Last GradeUnderweight children

Primary enrolment

Gender tertiary

Primary completion

Women wage employment

Access to clean water, rural

Access to improved sanitation, rural

Gender primaryGender secondary

Only 1 year 2-3 years 4-9 years With 10 or more years 15


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Number of MDG indicators with data from 1990-2011, by country

Cambodia

Georgia

Indonesia

Kyrgyzstan

Mongolia

Pakistan

Sri Lanka

Uzbekistan

Data Challenges

0 5 10 15 20 25

Nauru

Turkmenistan

Cook Islands

Afghanistan

Marshall Islands

Fiji

Myanmar

Samoa

Vanuatu

Malaysia

Thailand

With 1 year

2-3 years

4-9 years

10 or more years

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Implications

MDGs have suffered from

Low frequency of reporting of data in mostcountries Many countries without any data

Insufficient translation of data intoinformation for policy planners and general

public

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Major omissions

MDGs focus primarily on performance of some

social sectors such as Nutrition, education, health, water and sanitation

They leave out important aspects of capabilityepr va on a a . . en suc as

voice, participation, and good governance

elements of environment that impact on human

welfare

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Thank You

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s_chatterjee adb sdgs presentation

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