Prime minister Indira Gandhi (1914-1984)

Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964)

Indira Gandhi was the daughter of Indian politician Jawaharlal Nehru. Nehru was India’s first Prime Minister. He was a key figure in the events that led to India gaining independence.

Indira Gandhi worked closely with her father during his tenure as prime minister. When he passed away in 1964, there was confusion as to who would take his spot.

Indira Gandhi became prime minister in 1966. She excelled in office because she was a powerful speaker. She did a great deal of travelling and gained support by instituting new left-wing policies. One of the staples of her campaign was to fight hunger and poverty.

POST- NEHRU INDIA

• Jawaharlal Nehru died on 27 May 1964.• Lal Bahadur Shastri succeeded him as prime

minister.• In 1965 the second Kashmir War india and

pakistan again went to war over Kashmir.• The Tashkent agreement was signed under the

mediation of the Soviet government. • Indira got elected as the President of Indian

National Congress in the late 1950s. This was her official introduction to active politics.

• After the death of father Jawaharlal Nehru,

Indira became a member of the Rajya Sabha and the Minister of Information and Broadcasting. As 3rd PM.

• On January 19, 1966, Indira Gandhi became India's first Prime Minister. She continued to serve the nation at this post for almost 14 years.

• During her first term as Prime Minister of India, she garnered much support from the public for agricultural improvements that led to India's self-sufficiency in food grain production

• The INC had split in 1969. • Gandhi continued to govern with a slim

majority.

1970s• In 1971, Indira Gandhi and her congress were

returned to power with a massively increased majority.

• During her first term as prime minister, Indira nationalised 14 banks in India

• Socialist economic and industrial policies anacted.• In the year 1971, she also led India to victory in the

Indo-Pakistan war of 1971 which led to the formation of Bangladesh.

• After her re-election as the prime minister in 1971, Indira Gandhi extended her support to the freedom fighters of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh).

• Relations with the US grew strained, and India signed a 20 year Treaty of Friendship with the Soviet union- breaking explicitly for the 1st time from non-alignment.

• In 1974, India tested its 1st nuclear weapon in the desert of Rajasthan.

• On 26 April 1975, Sikkim formally became India’s 22nd State.

• The PM Indira Gandhi’s elevation to immense popularity.

• Gandhi was voted out of office, after she had served three terms, for her dictatorial policies. One of those included a 21-month state of emergency in which the' constitutional rights of Indians were restricted.

• In the year 1980, she was re-elected to a fourth term.

• So overwhelming was her political personality that during the election of 1971, opposition leader Atal Bihari Vajpayee hailed her as Goddess Durga.

• Indira Gandhi was banned from the Parliament by the High Court of Allahabad on charges of electoral malpractice. She regained her position on the grounds of public support.

• On 12 June 1975 the High Court of Allahabad declared Indira Gandhi's election to the Lok Sabha void on grounds of electoral malpractice.

Janata interlude• Indira Gandhi’s Congress Party called for general

elections in 1977, only to suffer a humiliating electoral defeat at the hands of the Janata party, an amalgamation of opposition parties.

• Morarji Desai became the first non-congress Prime Minister of India.

• The Desai administration established tribunals to investigate Emergency-era abuses, and Indira and Sanjay Gandhi were arrested after a report from the Shah Commission.

What were the achievements of Indira Gandhi as a Prime Minister?

• Bangladesh.• Green revolution.• Nationalization of banks.• 42nd Amendment in constitution aka mini constitution. 1976 act • Pokharan 1/'Smiling Buddha' - India's first nuclear test.• Aryabhatta -India's first satellite.• Controlling extremism in Punjab.• High command culture in INC.(Indian National Congress)• First steps towards opening India's market.• Starting subsidy culture.

Functions

• Operation Blue Star• Foreign policy

– South Asia– Middle East– Asia-Pacific– Africa

• Economic policy– Green Revolution and the Fourth Five Year Plan– State of Emergency and the Fifth Five Year Plan– Operation Forward and the Sixth Five Year Plan– Inflation and unemployment

• Domestic policy – Nationalisation– Administration– Social reform– Language policy– National security

Legacy• The Indira Awaas Yojana, a central government low-cost

housing programme for the rural poor, is named after her. The international airport at New Delhi is named Indira Gandhi International Airport in her honour. The Indira Gandhi National Open University, the largest university in the world, is also named after her. Indian National Congress established the annual Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration in 1985, given in her memory on her death anniversary. The Indira Gandhi Memorial Trust also constituted the annual Indira Gandhi Prize.

1984: Indira Gandhi is assassinated.

Indira Gandhi was assassinated on October 31, 1984. While she was in her garden, two of her bodyguards unleashed a barrage of gunfire that

struck the prime minister.

Assassination of Indira Gandhi

Indira Gandhi was rushed to the hospital after the barrage of bullets. Surgery was attempted to remove the bullets, but Gandhi did not survive the procedure.

Indira Gandhi

From 1967 to 1974, she was viewed as a strong Indian patriot who took critical actions to strengthen her newly independent nation. Indira Gandhi was a strong patriot but

also a deeply flawed democrat who chose the wrong ways to show her patriotism. There are many mixed feelings and about Indira Gandhi; some view her as an Indian hero while others view her as a ruthless power hungry dictator; regardless she was a

huge influence in the history of India.

CONCLUSION

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