k.b.abhishek. xi sci

8/4/2019 K.B.ABHISHEK. XI SCI

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BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION-CLASS XIBIOLOGY

1

BIOLOGICAL

CLASSIFICATION

K.B.ABHISHEK.

XI SCIENCE


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BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION-CLASSXI BIOLOGY 2

CONTENTS

Five kingdom classification

Merits of classification

Monera

Protista Fungi

Plantae

Animalia

Virus Viroids

Lichens


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FIVE KINGDOM CLASSIFICATION

LIVING ORGANISMS

MONERA PROTISTA

PLANTAE ANIMALIA

FUNGI


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MERITS OF CLASSIFICATION

Prokaryotes are separated from eukaryots

All unicellular eukaryotic organisms are put in

one group.

Differentiate heterotrophic fungi from

autotrophic green plants.

Based on evolutionary relationship.


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MONERA(BACTERIA,MYCOPLASMA)

BACTERIA

ARCHAEBACTERIA EUBACTERIA

AUTOTROPHIC HETEROTROPHIC

PHOTOSYNTHEIC CHEMOSYNTHEIC


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PROTISTA(SINGLE-CELLED EUKARYOTS)

CHRYSOPHYTES (diatoms , golden algae)

DINOFLAGELLATES (gonyaulaux)

EUGLENOIDS (euglena)

SLIME MOULDS (plasmodium)

PROTOZOAN (amoeba, paramecium,

euglena)


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FUNGI(Heterotrophic Eucaryots)

Phycomycetes-(rhizopus,albugo)

Asccomycetes-(yeast,penicillium)

Basideomycetes-9aspergillus,claviceps,neurospora0

Deuteromycetes-

(alternaria,trichoderma,colletotrichum)


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PLANTAE

Chlorophyll containing multcellular eukaryots.

Cell wall made of cellulose.

Life cycle shows alternation of generation

having gametophytic (n) and sporophytic(2n)

phase.


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ANIMALIA

Heterotrophic multicellulareukaryots.

Lack cell wall.

Depend on plants directly or

indirectly. Stores food reserves as fat or

glycogen.

Holozoic nutrition.

Capable of locomotion.

Follow a definite growthpattern.

Reproduction is sexual .


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VIRUS

Noncellular organism. Obligate parasites.

Body has protein coat called capsid and geneticmaterial is DNA or RNA.

plant viruses have single stranded RNA.

animal viruses have double stranded DNA orRNA.

Animal disease-mumps,herpes,chicken

pox,influenza,aids.

Plant diseases-mosaic,leaf rolling,curling,yellowingof leaves.


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STRUCTURE OF VIRUS


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Lichens, which are commonly found on rocks, bark, or poor soil,are composite organisms made up of a fungus and an alga. The

beard lichen seen here growing on a tree, is one of the stalked

lichens. It is made up of a central zone of loose fungal filaments,

an intermediate zone of algal cells, and an outer zone ofcompressed fungal filaments.

BEARD LICHEN


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VIROID

Discovered by T O Diener.

Smaller than virus.

Lacks protein coat.

Has a free RNA of low molecular

weight.

Disease :potato spindle tube


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LICHEN

Symbioticassociation of algae and fungi.

Algal part is calledphycobiontand fungal part is called

mycobiont.

Phycobiont is autotrophic and prepares food. Mycobiont is heterotrophic.It provides shelter and

absorbs mineral and water.

It acts as pollution indicator i.e it does not grow in

polluted area.


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BACTERIA CELL


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PROKARYAOTIC CELL


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REPRODUCTION IN FUNGI

BUDDING

FISSION

FRAGMENTATION

VEGITATIVE

ZOOSPORES

SPORANGISPORES

CONIDIA

ASEXUAL

BASIDEOSPORES

ASCOSPORES

OOSPORES

SEXUAL

REPRODUCTION


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SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN

FUNGI Plasmogamy-fusion between two motile or

non-motile gametes.sometimes two haploid

hyphae come together and fuse.

Karyogamy- fusion of two nuclei.in some fungi

two haploid cells immediately fuse & form

diploid cells.in some a dikaryotic (n+n)occurs

which later become diploid.such phase is calleddikaryophase.


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SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN

FUNGI Meiosis-fungi form fruiting bodies,zygote

undergoes reduction division forming haploid

spores.


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CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI(spore formation,morphology of mycelium&fruiting bodies)

phycomycetes ascomycetes basideomycetes duteromycetes

fungi


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RHIZOPUS


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RHIZOPUS


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ASPERGILLUS


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ASPERGILLUS


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ASCOSPORES IN ASCUS


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BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION-CLASS

XI BIOLOGY 28

ASCUS


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XI BIOLOGY 29

AGARICUS


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XI BIOLOGY 30

BASIDIUM CARRYING

BASIDIOSPORES


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XI BIOLOGY 31

BASIDIUM


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k.b.abhishek. xi sci

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