raj board class 11 book - kala siddhant evam murti kala

8/12/2019 Raj Board Class 11 Book - Kala Siddhant Evam Murti Kala

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dyk ifjp; ,oafodkl dze [ 1

[k.M & *v*[k.M & *v*[k.M & *v*[k.M & *v*[k.M & *v*

& dyk ifjp; ,oa fodkl dze

& fp= dsro

& la;kstu dsfl)kUr

& fp= dsek/;e ,oa rduhd

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2 ] dyk fl}kUr ,oaHkkjrh; ewfrZdyk

v/;k;&1v/;k;&1v/;k;&1v/;k;&1v/;k;&1

dyk ifjp; ,oa fodkl edyk ifjp; ,oa fodkl edyk ifjp; ,oa fodkl edyk ifjp; ,oa fodkl edyk ifjp; ,oa fodkl e

dyk dh ifjHkkkkdyk dh ifjHkkkkdyk dh ifjHkkkkdyk dh ifjHkkkkdyk dh ifjHkkkk

dyk dY;k.k dh tuuh gSA izFke dykdkj l`f"V dk jfpf;rk bZ'oj gSA ;gh dkj.k gSfd

lf"V dslHkh inkFkksZaesa dyk dk okl gSA dyk 'kCn dh mRifr laLd`r Hkk"kk dh *dy~* /kkrqlsgqbZ

gSA ftldk vFkZgS'kCn djuk ;k izsfjr djukA ftl izdkj dy~dy~'kCn ls,d xfriw.kZ/ofu vkrh

gS mlh izdkj dyk Hkh y;iw.kZ vfHkO;fDr gSA dyk dk vFkZ ek= Hkksx&foykl u gksdj lkSUn;ZdhvfHkO;fDRk }kjk lq[k ;k vkuUn iznku djuk gSA Hkkjrh; fo}kuksa usdyk dksvusd :iksa esa ifjHkkf"kr

fd;k gSA Hkkjr esa *dyk* 'kCn dk iz;ksx loZizFke _Xosn esa feyrk gSA ftlesa Hk`xq_f"k dsoa'ktksa

dksydM+h dsdk;Z esafo'ks"kK crk;k gS rFkk jkf= o "kk nksnsfo;ksa dsfp=.k dk Hkh mYys[k gSA

czlw= esa dgk x;k gSfd **tksvkUrfjd Hkkoksa dksdykRed :i lsvfHkO;aftr djsogh dyk gSA**

Hkjr eqfu usdyk dh ;FkkFkZoknh ifjHkk"kk nh ** dyk u Kku gS] u f'kYi vkSj u gh fo|k ] vfirq

dyk bu lclsfHkUu gSA** MkW-HkksykukFk frokM+h dserkuqlkj ^'kkjhfjd ;k ekufld dkS'ky ftldk

iz;ksx fdlh d`f=e fuekZ.k esa fd;k tk, ogh dyk gSA**

ik'pkR; fo}kuksausHkh dyk dksvusd :iksa esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gSA IysVksds vuqlkj **dyk

lR; dh vuqdfr gSA dyk esa ge bZ'oj }kjk fufeZr lf"V dksgh lR;kfir djrsgaSA** vjLrqdk er

gS fd ** dyk esa lkekU; dh vuqdfr dh tkrh gS D;ksafd fof'k"V dh vuqd`fr mfpr rFkk lEHko ugha

gSA** IyksfVul us**dyk thou dh vk/kkjf'kyk gS ] lEiw.kZthou esa vuqHkoksa dh leLr vfHkO;fDr gS]

O;fDRk vkSj lekt dh psruk dh ,d egRoiw.kZ f;k gSA** gcVZjhM usdyk dkshM+k ekukA

mDr ifjHkk"kkvksa lsLi"V gksrk gS fd dyk ,d lgt f;k gSftlesa viuseuksHkkoksa dks

n';eku txr ds:ikdkjksa dh lgk;rk lsfofo/k ek/;eksa o rduhdksa }kjk lqUnj rjhdslsvfHkO;fDRk

nh tkrh gS tksdykdkj o n'kZd nksukasdks vkuUn nsrh gSA if'pe esa dyk dk lekukFkhZ 'kCn *vkVZ*

gSA tksySfVu Hkk"kk dsvklZ'kCn lsmRiUu gqvk gS ftldk 'kkfCnd vFkZleku gSA dyk 'kCn vR;Ur

O;kid gSA dyk :i dk l`tu djrh gSA v:Ik dks:i nsrh gSA vO;Dr dksO;DRk djrh gSA dyk

dksthou lsiFkd ughafd;k tk ldrkA dyk euksfouksn dk lk/ku gksusdslkFk gh thou esa uohu

psruk ] 'kfDRk ] LQwfrZ] uohu vk;keksa vkSj lq[kksa dk lapkj djrh gSA dyk O;kid gSA dsoy fp=dyk]

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ewfrZdyk o laxhrdyk gh dyk dh Js.kh esa ughavkrsA Loj ] 'kCn ] jax ] js[kk ] vkdkj ] vk;ke]

lkt&lTtk ] ds'k&foU;kl ] thou 'kSyh ] lkt J`axkj ] okrkZyki 'kSyh ] LFkkiR; dyk ] dkO;dyk

vkfn lHkh dyk dksvfHkO;aftr djrsgaSA vUrj dsoy vfHkO;fDr dsek/;e dk gSAfkYi vkSj dyk ds izkphu xzUFkfkYi vkSj dyk ds izkphu xzUFkfkYi vkSj dyk ds izkphu xzUFkfkYi vkSj dyk ds izkphu xzUFkfkYi vkSj dyk ds izkphu xzUFk %&%&%&%&%&

laLd`r lkfgR; esa dyk lEcU/kh izpqj lkexzh miyC/k gSA dqN fofo/k fo"k;ksa dsxzUFkksa esa

Hkkjrh; fp=ys[ku dh izkphu ijEijk dk mYys[k gS ftllstulk/kkj.k esa dyk dh yksdfiz;rk dk

irk yxrk gSA nwljsizdkj dsxzUFkksa esa Lora= o O;kid :i lsdyk dsfof/k&fo/kkuksadh O;k[;k

dh x;h gSA ,slsy{k.k xzUFk de gSA rhljsizdkj dsxzUFkksaesa fp=dyk fo"k;d ,d vyx v/;k;

feyrk gSA bu xzUFkksa dh la[;k vf/kd gSA ftu xzUFkksaesa dyk ij fo'ks"k :i lsfopkj fd;k gSrFkk

ftudksi


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feyrh gSA

ekulksYyklekulksYyklekulksYyklekulksYyklekulksYykl %&%&%&%&%&lkses'oj }kjk jfpr ekulksYykl dsrhljsHkkx dsizFke v/;k; esa fp=dyk ij

ec) rjhdslsfopkj fd;k x;k gSA fp=dkjLo:i ] fp=kfHkfk ] ys[kuhys[ku ] 'kq)o.kZ ] feJo.kZ]fp=o.kZ ] i{klw=y{k.k ] rkyy{k.k ] fr;Zdeku y{k.k rFkk lkekU; fp= izf;k vkfn X;kjg v/;k;ksa

esa fp=deZ dk o.kZu gSA

lkfgR; esa fp=dyklkfgR; esafp=dyklkfgR; esa fp=dyklkfgR; esafp=dyklkfgR; esa fp=dyk %&%&%&%&%&Hkkjr dsizkphu lekt o lkfgR; esayfyrdykvksa dk mYys[k oSfnd

lkfgR; ] mifu"kn~ ] jkek;.k ] egkHkkjr ] tSu ] ckS) lkfgR; ] iqjk.kksa ] ukV~;'kkL= ] dkelw= vkfn

vusd xzUFkksaesa feyrk gSA

oSfnd lkfgR;oSfnd lkfgR;oSfnd lkfgR;oSfnd lkfgR;oSfnd lkfgR; %&%&%&%&%& osn lokZf/kd izkphu d`fr gSA osnksaesa Hkh dyk lEcU/kh mYys[k feyrsgaSA oSfnd

dky esa uR; ] xhr ] ok| ] dkO; ] ukVd ] dgkuh ] dyk dkS'ky vkfn eukssjatu dsvusd lk/ku

fo|eku FksA _Xosn esa peZij vfXunso dk fp=.k ] }kjnsfo;ksadh vkd`fr;ksa ] jkf= o "kk dh ukjh

vkdfr;ksa dsizrhd fp=ksa dk mYys[k feyrk gSA lkeosn xs;kRed osn gSftlesa laxhr dyk dk iz;ksx

gSA miosnksaesa Hkh ;Fkk vk;qosZn ] /kuqosZn ] xU/koZosn ] LFkkiR;osn ] ukV~;osn vkfn e'k% vkS"k/k dyk

];q)dyk ] laxhr dyk ] okLrqdyk ] ukV~;dyk dks vk/kkj eku dj O;k[;k dh x;h gSA oSfnd

lkfgR; esa dyk o dkS'ky dk lEiw.kZfoospu feyrk gSA izfrek foKku ] okLrqfoKku ] fp=deZ] laxhr

]uR; vkfn dykvksa dk ewy osnksa esa gh gSA

oSnskj lkfgR;oSnskj lkfgR;oSnskj lkfgR;oSnskj lkfgR;oSnskj lkfgR; %&%&%&%&%& osnksa o miosnksa dsi'pkr~czk.k ] vkj.;d ] mifu"kn~ ] osnkax] lw= vkfn oSnskj

oSfnd lkfgR; esaHkh dyk ij Li"V mYys[k feyrk gSA =Srh; czk.k esa laxhr ( "kMfoa'k czk.k esaizfrek ( rk.Mo czk.k ],srjs; czk.k o 'kriFk czk.k esa Lo.kZ izfrek dk ladsr feyrk gSA

cgnkj.;d esa dgk x;k fd **vewrZ cz ds ewrZ:i dh vuqHkwfr gh lf"V gSA ;gh dykd`fr gSA**

NUnksiX; mifu"kn~esa jax o :i dh fp= esa egkk crkbZgSA *iapn'kh* osnkUr n'kZu dsfp=nhi izdj.k

esa fp='kkL= ds fo/kkuksadk o.kZu gSA

LekrZ lkfgR;LekrZlkfgR;LekrZ lkfgR;LekrZlkfgR;LekrZ lkfgR; %&%&%&%&%& oSnskj lkfgR; ds i'pkr~LekrZ lkfgR; dk fo'ks"k egRo gSA euq Le`fr esa fp=deZ

dsfy, fo'ks"k funsZ'k fn;s gSaaA

egkdkO;egkdkO;egkdkO;egkdkO;egkdkO; %&%&%&%&%& Hkkjrh; lkfgR; esa jkek;.k o egkHkkjr lkfgR; dh mUur ijEijk ds|ksrd gSaA ;snksuks

egkxzUFk bfrgkl ] iqjk.k ] dkO; ] egkdkO; lc dqN gSaA ;svusd dkO;ksa ] egkdkO;ksa o ukVdksa dstUenkrk Hkh gSaA jkek;.k esa jFkksa dh lkt&lTtk ] vyadj.kksa lslfTtr iq"id foeku] lhrk dh Lo.kZ

izfrek] uR;&laxhr vkfn euksjatu dslk/kuksa dk foLr`r o.kZu gSA egkHkkjr esa Hkh yk{kkxg ] ; qf/kf"Bj

dh vyad`r lHkk ftlesa Hkzfer djrs}kj ] tyk'k; ] f'kykin ] rksj.k vkSj ekuokd`fr;ksa dsizfrekuksa

AglaSem S
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dk fp=.k o vadu gqvk vkfn dk o.kZu feyrk gSA fdUrqizR;{k vuqeku yxkusdsfy, vo'ks"k ;k

lk/ku miyC/k ughagSA

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fd;k x;k gSA

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esa pkSlB dykvksa vkSj fp=dyk ds"kMkaxksaij mYYks[k gSA blesa mYysf[kr "kMkax **:iHksnk% izek.kkfu

Hkkoyko.;;kstue~A lkn;aof.kZdkHkax bfr fp=a"kMde~~AA** Hkkjrh; f'kYi dsN% vax gSaftuds

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fopkj gqvk gSA blesa o.kZ;kstuk ] ukV~;'kkyk esa uj&ukjh izfrekvksa ] vyadj.kkas rFkk fofo/k n`';ksa

dsiVksa dksfpf=r djusdsrjhdscrk;sgSaA

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esa vusd v/;k;ksa esa LFkkiR; ] ewfrZ ] fookg e.Mi ] jFk vkfn dsfuekZ.k o fp=deZ ij o.kZu gSaA

loksZifj fo".kq/keksZkj iqjk.k dsfp=lw= esa rksukSv/;k; dyk ij gh gSaA

tSu o ckS) xzUFktSu o ckS) xzUFktSu o ckS) xzUFktSu o ckS) xzUFktSu o ckS) xzUFk %&%&%&%&%& tSu o ckS) xzUFkksaesa vusd izlaxksa l sdyk dsizfr rRdkyhu lekt dslEeku

dk irk yxrk gSA iz'uO;kdj.klw= ] dYilw= ] lqjlqUnjhdyk vkfn tSu xzUFkksarFkk fou;fiVd ]

yfyrfoLrkj ] FksjxkFkk ] tkrd dFkkvksa vkfn ckS) xzUFkksa esa fp=dyk ] ewfrZdyk o okLrqdyk ij

vR;Ur mi;ksxh ppkZ dh x;h gSAukVdukVdukVdukVdukVd %&%&%&%&%& laLd`r esa JO; dkO;ksadslkFk gh n'; dkO;ksadk fodkl Hkh gqvkA u`R; ] vfHku; ] xhr

] eap lTtk dh n`fV lsukVdksa dh yksdfiz;rk esa yfyrdykvksa dk egRoiw.kZ;ksxnku jgk gSA Hkkl

fyf[kr LoIuoklonkk ( dkfynkl d`r ekyfodkfXufe= ] vfHkKku 'kkdqUrye~rFkk foeksoZ'kh; (

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] fo)fp= vko{k fp= vkfn dykvksa ij izdk'k Mkyk x;k gSA dkO;ksa dk fcEc ,slk n'; mRiUu

djrk gSekuksafp= cu x;sgksaA vkt Hkh bu ukVdksa ij fp=kofy;kacurh gaSA blls;g Hkh Kkr

gksrk gS fd ukVdksalsiwoZ gh yfyr dyk, izpfyr FkhA

dykvksadh izkphurk o oxhZdj.kdykvksadh izkphurk o oxhZdj.kdykvksadh izkphurk o oxhZdj.kdykvksadh izkphurk o oxhZdj.kdykvksadh izkphurk o oxhZdj.k %&%&%&%&%& iwoZ foosfpr izlaxksa ls dykvksa dh izkphurk ] fLFkfr rFkkmi;ksfxrk dk Kku gkstkrk gSA izkphu dky esa izR;sd fo"k; esapeRdkjiw.kZ;k dq'kyrk lsdh x;h

vfHkO;fDRk dksdyk uke fn;k x;kA 'kk;n gh ,slk dksbZ fo"k; NwVk gksftldk lekos'k dyk ds

vUrxZr ughafd;k x;k A ;gh dkj.k gSfd bl nf"V lsdyk dh ,d fuf'pr ifjHkk"kk nsuk dfBu gks

AglaSem S
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x;kA fdUrq ;g r; gSfd ekuo dstUe lsgh dyk dk Hkh mn~Hko gqvkA dyk vfr izkphu gSA

fo}kuksa usdyk dsnksHkkx ekusgSaA Hkkjr esa dyk dsnksHkkx fd;sx;sgSa& pk: yfyr

o dk: mi;ksxhA pk: dyk esa mi;ksfxrk dslkFk lkSUn;Zdk lekos'k Hkh jgrk gSA ;sdyk,a ikpekuh x;h & okLrqdyk ] ewfrZdyk ] fp=dyk ] laxhrdyk rFkk dkO; dykA dk: dyk,aekuo ds

nSfud mi;ksx dh dyk,agSa tSls dk"B dyk ] ykSgdyk ] dqEHkdyk vkfnA ik'pkR; dyk n'kZu esa

Hkh dykvksa dsnksfoHkktu fd;sx;s & mi;ksxh dyk o yfyr dykA mi;ksxh dyk dk lEcU/k

mi;ksfxrk o uSfrdrk ls Fkk ftlesa dkS'ky egRoiw.kZgSA yfyr dyk Hkkoksa dh vfHkO;fDr gSftlesa

mi;ksfxrk ;k uSfrdrk vko';d ughagSA izkphu Hkkjrh; xzUFkksa esa izk;% 64 dyk,acrkbZx;h gSaA dgha

dgha;g la[;k 72 ;k 81 Hkh gSA fdarqbl oxhZdj.k o la[;k dksfu/kkZfjr djusdsewy esa dksbZ

oSKkfud vk/kkj ughagSA

vkfne ;k izkxSfrgkfld dykvkfne ;k izkxSfrgkfld dykvkfne ;k izkxSfrgkfld dykvkfne ;k izkxSfrgkfld dykvkfne ;k izkxSfrgkfld dyk %&%&%&%&%& ekuo thou dh rjg dyk dsmn; dk bfrgkl Hkh jgL;e;

gSA ekuo thou ds fodkl dsizFke pj.k esa dk;ZdkslEikfnr djus rFkk viuh ckr dksnwljs rd

igqpkus dsfy, dyk dk tUe gqvkA vkfne ;qx dsxqgk o 'kSy fp=ksa lsvkfne ekuo dh dyk:fp

dk irk pyrk gSA bu dykd`fr;ksa dks ns[kdj ekuo dh vkt rd dh izxfr dk cks/k Hkh gksrk gSA

ekuo us izkjEHk esaHkkokfHkO;fDr o VksusVksVdsdsfy, dqN ladsrksa dks vk/kkj cuk dj fp=.k izkjEHk

fd;k tksckn esa izrhd :i esa LFkkfir gq,A bu izrhdksaesaizdfr izeq[k Fkh ftl ij thou vk/kkfjr

FkkA bu izrhdksadh ekuo usmikluk izkjEHk dh D;ksafd og izdfr dsizfr leiZ.k Hkko j[krk FkkA

Hkkjr gh ughalEiw.kZ fo'o esa vkfne dyk dsvo'ks"k feyrsgSaA Hkkjr ] Lisu ] kal ] nf{k.k jksMsf'k;k] is: esa Hkh vkfne fp= feysgSaA ;g izLrj ;qx dgk x;k tksvusd fodkl eksa lsxqtjk gSfdUrq

dyk dh n`f"V ls tc ekuo dksizLrjksa lsgfFk;kj o vkStkj cukusdk Kku gqvk rHkh ls dyk dk

izkjEHk gqvk ekuk tk ldrk gSA

yksddykyksddykyksddykyksddykyksddyk %&%&%&%&%& yksddyk lkekU; yksd ekul lsizsj.kk vkSj laj{k.k ikdj cuh 'kkL=h; ijEijkvksa ds

lEiw.kZfo'o esa tu lk/kkj.k dh lgt vfHkO;fDRk ds:i esa fodflr gqbZgSA yksd dyk mu dykdkjksa

dsdkS'ky o HkkofHkO;fDr dk ifj.kke gSftUgksausdHkh fdlh oSKkfud ;k 'kkL=h; jhfr lsdyk

v/;;u ughafd;kA Hkkoukvksadh lgt vfHkO;fDr gh yksddyk dk ewy ea= gSA Hkkjrh; yksddyk

ijEijk }kj dsnksuksa vksj vkys[kuksa lsizkjEHk gqbZA yksd Hkk"kkvksa dsleku gh yksddyk,aHkh egRoiw.kZLFkku j[krh gSaA thou dk dksbZigywblls vNwrk ughagSA yksddyk dk lEcU/k thou dslaLdkjksa

lstqM+k gSA ozr ] R;kSgkj ] mRlo ] ?kj dk vkaxu ] nhokjsa] }kj * dikV ] tUe o e`R;qlaLdkj ]

tUeksijkUr le; ij gksusokyslaLdkj vkfn izR;sd ekaxfyd dk;ksZa dk lEiknu yksd & fp=ksa

AglaSem S
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esa nfVxr gksrh gSA tksxhekjk ] vtUrk ] ck?k ] flruokly ,syksjk vkfn dyk dsUnz Hkkjrh; dyk

bfrgkl dsLof.kZe iB jgsgSaA e/;dky dh Hkkjrh; dyk y?kqfp=ksa ds:i esa miyC/k gSA jktLFkkuh

] igkM+h dyk dk mn~Hko gqvkA nf{k.k Hkkjr esa Hkh eqxy dyk dsizHkko lsLFkkuh; dyk dksuothoufeykA eqxy lkezkT; dsiru rFkk vaxzstksa dsHkkjr vkxeu lsHkkjrh; dyk dslgt fodkl esa ,d

xfrjks/k mRiUu gksx;kA

vk/kqfud dyk ,oa i`"BHkwfe &vk/kqfud dyk ,oai`"BHkwfe &vk/kqfud dyk ,oa i`"BHkwfe &vk/kqfud dyk ,oai`"BHkwfe &vk/kqfud dyk ,oa i`"BHkwfe & eqxy ] ;wjksfi;u o Hkkjrh; dyk dslg;ksx ls,d uohu

'kSyh fodflr gqbZftls**dEiuh 'kSyh** dsuke lstkuk x;kA jktk jfo oekZbl 'kSyh dsizFke

fp=dkj FksA blh le; pSUubZ] dksydkrk ] ykgkSj ] cEcbZ rFkk y[ku esa;wjksih; dyk 'kSyh o

rduhd esa Hkkjrh; dykdkjksa dksizf'kf{kr djusdsfy, dyk fo|ky; [kksysx;sA bllsHkkjrh;

dyk misf{kr gksusyxh o mldsvfLrRo dksvk?kkr igqpkA

bl le; dqN dykdkjk sausHkkjrh; ikjEifjd ewY;ksadkstxkusds fy, iz;kl fd;kA

vouhUnzukFk Bkdqj ds usrRo esa caxky ls;g vkUnksyu izkjEHk gqvk tks*caxky Ldwy* dsuke ls

ns'kO;kih Lrj ij fo[;kr gqvkA bZ-ch-gSosy ] uUnyky cksl ] vflrdqekj gYnkj ] f{krhUnzukFk

etwenkj ] ds-osadVIik ] 'kSysUnzukFk Ms] 'kkjnkpj.k mdhy ] nsohizlkn jk; pkS/kjh ] ukxg ] johUnzukFk

Bkdqj ] xxusUnzukFk Bkdqj vkfn dykdkjksa dk bl vkUnksyu esa egRoiw.kZ;ksxnku jgkA bldsi'pkr~

vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; dyk ifjn'; esa rhozrk lsifjorZu o fodkl gksusyxkA bldsifj.kke ge Hkkjrh;

lelkef;d dyk esans[k ldrsgSaA bldk egRoiw.kZi{k xfr'khyrk gSA vkt dyk esa fdlh 'kSyh

;k fopkj/kkjk dk izHkko ughagSA fu:i.k ] ljyhdj.k ] iksr&lrg &jax&js[kk & vkdkj dsizfrlaosnu'khyrk ] vUreZq[kh nfV ] dEI;wVj dk iz;ksx vkfn blesa lg;ksxh rRo gaSA vkt dyk esa ckSf)d

i{k egRoiw.kZgSA vke n'kZd bu vuqHkwfr;ksa dh vfHkO;fDr esa dksbZlf; Hkkxhnkjh ughaj[k ikrkA

fQj Hkh lelkef;d dyk dh vlk/kkj.k fofo/krk vkSj uohu fn'kkvksaesa dh tk jgh iz;ksxokfnrk

dsdkj.k fp=dyk] ewfrZdyk o okLrqdyk lgvfLrRo esa gSaA

AglaSem S
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vH;kl iz'uvH;kl iz'uvH;kl iz'uvH;kl iz'uvH;kl iz'uy?kqkjkRed iz'uy?kqkjkRed iz'uy?kqkjkRed iz'uy?kqkjkRed iz'uy?kqkjkRed iz'u

1- f'kYi vFkok dyk dksoSfnd dky esa D;k ekuk tkrk gS\2- dkelw = 'kkL= ds ys[kd dkSu gSa \3- vfHkKku 'kkdqUrye~ fdl egkdfo dh d`fr gS\4- vkfne fp=dyk esa ekuo usizeq[kr% fdl fo"k; dsfp= cuk, \5- yksd dyk dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk D;k gS\6- jktLFkku dh izeq[k yksd dyk dkSu lh 'kSyh gS \7- yksd nsorkvksa ds thou ij vk/kkfjr fo'kky iV fp= dks D;k dgk tkrk gS\8- ekSysyk dyk fdl ek/;e ls tkuh tkrh gS\9- vtUrk dh xqQk, fdl fp= fo/kk dsfy, izfl) gSa\10- viHkza'k 'kSyh esa eq[;r;k fp=.k fdl :i esa gqvk \

11- y?kq fp=.k ijEijk esa fp=dkj ds uke fp=ksa ij fdl 'kSyh esa vafdr fd, tkrsFksA12- ;FkkFkZoknh fp=.k fdl 'kSyh dh fo'ks"krk Fkh \13- vewrZ fp=.k fdl dyk 'kSyh dh igpku gSA14- Hkjreqfu usfdl dyk dks iz/kku dyk ds:i esa Lohdkj fd;k gS\15- lekt dh HkkSfrd vko';drkvksa dh iwfrZdkSulh dyk djrh gSA16- dyk dh ifjHkk"kk o mn~ns'; crkb;sA17- vkfne fp=dyk dk lkekU; ifjp; nhft,A18- Hkkjrh; fHkfRr fp=.k ijEijk dk laf{kIr ifjp; nhft,A19- iksFkh&fp=.k dk Lo:i Li"V dhft,A20- y?kqfp=.k D;k gS] laf{kIr ifjp; nhft,A

21- Hkkjr es a vk/kqfud dyk dh D;k i`"BHkwfe jgh gSA Li"V dhft,A22- yksd dyk ij laf{kIr izdk'k Mkfy,Afuca/kkRed iz'u %fuca/kkRed iz'u %fuca/kkRed iz'u %fuca/kkRed iz'u %fuca/kkRed iz'u %1- dyk dsizkphu Lo:i dk lfoLrkj o.kZu dhft,A2- yksd dyk D;k gS\ o.kZu dhft,A

AglaSem S
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v/;k; & 2v/;k; & 2v/;k; & 2v/;k; & 2v/;k; & 2

fp= ds rofp= ds rofp= ds rofp= ds rofp= ds roftu ewyHkwr vo;oksa dh mifLFkfr lsdyk d`fr dk fuekZ.k fd;k tkrk gS mUgsa dyk dsro

dgrsgSaA bu roksa dsleqfpr iz;ksx }kjk fdlh dkYifud la;kstu dksewrZ:i fn;k tk ldrk gSAbudsvHkko esafdlh Hkh fopkj dksdykdfr ds:i esa izdV ughafd;k tk ldrkA bu roksa dkviuk viuk ego gSA dykdkj viuh l`tu 'kfDr dsvuqlkj bu dyk roksadk iz;ksx dj fp=jpuk djrk gSA bu roksa dsiz;ksx dh fHkUurk ls dykd`fr dh fof'k"Vrk dk Kku gksrk gSA dyktxr esa tks rRo loZekU; gSa os bl izdkj gSa %&

1- js[kk 2- jax3- :i 4- rku

5- iksr 6- varjkyjs[kkjs[k kjs[kkjs[k kjs[kk

nks fcUnqvksa dksfeykusokyh lw{e vFkok xkS.k nwjh dksjs[kk dgrsgSaA bldsvk/kkj ij lhek dkKku gksrk gS vkSj xfr dk funsZ'ku Hkh feyrk gSA fp= esa js[kk dksizFke ro ds:i esa ekU;rk izkIrgSA fp=dyk dk vkfne Lo:i Hkh js[kkadu FkkA js[kkvksadsfofHkUu izdkj gSabldsizHkko Hkh budsvuq:i gksrsgSaA izeq[k izpfyr js[kk,ao mudsizHkko fuEufyf[kr gSa&11111lh/kh [kM+h js[kk /okZdkj %lh/kh [kM+h js[kk /okZdkj %lh/kh [kM+h js[kk /okZdkj %lh/kh [kM+h js[kk /okZdkj %lh/kh [kM+h js[kk /okZdkj % ;g js[kk /kjkry ij lhkh ij dh vksj tkrh vafdr dh tkrh

gSA ehukj] Vkoj] cksry vkfn dsfy, ;g js[kk mi;qDr gksrh gSA ;g js[kk] 'kfDr] LFkkf;Ro] n


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fl [ 11

66666 pkdkj js[kk, likZdkj %pkdkj js[kk, likZdkj %pkdkj js[kk, likZdkj %pkdkj js[kk, likZdkj %pkdkj js[kk, likZdkj % ,d fcUnq ls izkjEHkgksdj ;sjs[kk,amlh fcUnq dspkjksa vksj ?kwerh jgrh gSaAbulsruko] mRrstuk] lEizs"k.k vkfn dsHkko izdV fd;s

tk ldrs gSaA77777 y;kRed izokgh js[kk, %y;kRed izokgh js[kk, %y;kRed izokgh js[kk, %y;kRed izokgh js[kk, %y;kRed izokgh js[kk, % bUgsa ygjnkj js[kk,a Hkh

dgrsgSaA bu js[kkvksa lsikuh dh ygjsa] rjaxsa] laxhrkRedrkvkfn dh vfHkO;fDr gksrh gSA

js[kk adu dk izdkjjs[kk adu dk izdkjjs[kk adu dk izdkjjs[kk adu dk izdkjjs[kk adu dk izdkjfofo/k fo"k;oLrqdh lVhd izLrqfr dsfy, fHkUu fHkUu izdkj dh js[kk, vkSj js[kkadu i)fr dk

iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA eq[;:i ls rhu izdkj dk js[kkadu fo'ks"k egRoiw.kZ gksrk gSA11111LorU= js[kkadu %LorU= js[kkadu %LorU= js[kkadu %LorU= js[kkadu %LorU= js[kkadu % oLrq dsefLr"d ij iMus okysizHkkoksa dsvk/kkj ij viuh bPNk 'kfDr dsvuqlkj fp=.k djukA bl fof/k ls vusd ;wjksih; fp=dkjksaus dyk l`tuk dh gSA

2 Le`fr js[kakdu %2 Le`fr js[kakdu %2 Le`fr js[kakdu %2 Le`fr js[kakdu %2 Le`fr js[kakdu % dykdkj viuh Lej.k 'kfDr dsvk/kkj ij fp=ksa dk fuekZ.k djrk gSA ;g Lefrjs[kkadu dgykrk gSA33333 izfr:ikRed js[kkadu %izfr:ikRed js[kkadu %izfr:ikRed js[kkadu %izfr:ikRed js[kkadu %izfr:ikRed js[kkadu % fdlh ;FkkFkZoLrqdksoSlk gh vafdr djuk vFkkZr oLrq ;k O;fDrdk izfr:i vafdr djuk] izfr:ikRed js[kkadu dgykrk gSA js[kkadu dsmDr foHkktu dsvfrfjDrHkh dbZ izdkj gSaftlds vk/kkj ij js[kkadu fd;k tkrk gStSls;kaf=d js[kkadu] lhekUr js[kkadu]lkadsfrd js[kkadu] izdfr js[kkadu] oLrqjs[kkadu vkfnA

jax o.kZjax o.kZjax o.kZjax o.kZjax o.kZjax dksbZ LFkwy oLrqughagSA ;g gekjh vka[kksa ij iM+usokyk ,d izHkko ek= gS ftlsefLr"d

jax dh laKk nsrk gSA okLro esa jax izdk'k dk ,d xq.k gSA lw;Z ds izdk'k esafofHkUu jaxksadsHkko gksrsgSaA oLrqlstksizdk'k ijkofrZr gksrk gSmlsgh oLrqdk jax eku fy;k tkrk gSA izR;sd oLrqdh izdk'kdksijkofrZr djusdh {kerk fHkUu fHkUu gksrh gSA {kerk dh bl fHkUurk dsdkj.k oLrqdk jax Hkh vyx vyx fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA o.kZ dsrhu izeq[k xq.k gksrsgSa& 1 jaxr 2 eku 3 l?kurkA

jaxrjaxrjaxrjaxrjaxr o.kZdh izd`fr gksrh gSA bllsjaxksa dk vUrj Li"Vgksrk gStSls ykyiu] uhykiu] gjkiu vkfnA ekuekuekuekueku jaxr dsgYdso xgjsiu dksdgrsgSaA tSlsyky] xgjk yky] gYdkyky vkfnA jaxr esa lQsn ;k dkysjax dsiz;ksx lsjaxr dkeku c


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;s jax iw.kZr% 'kq) gksrsgSaA2- f}rh; jax %2- f}rh; jax %2- f}rh; jax %2- f}rh; jax %2- f}rh; jax % nks eq[; jaxksa dksfeykusls izkIr jax f}rh; jaxdgykrsgSaA bUgsa fefJr jax dh Js.kh esa j[kk tkrk gS%&

yky $ uhyk cSaxuhuhyk $ ihyk gjkihyk $ yky dslfj;k

3- iwjd jax fojks/kh %3- iwjd jax fojks/kh %3- iwjd jax fojks/kh %3- iwjd jax fojks/kh %3- iwjd jax fojks/kh % nkseq[; jaxksa dksfeykuslstksf}rh; jax izkIrgksrk gSog 'ks"k rhljs eq[; jax dk iwjd jax gksrk gSA o.kZp esa ,dnwljsdsvkeuslkeusvkusokysjax ,d nwljsdsiwjd gksrsgSaA mnkgj.kkFkZyky $ ihyk dslfj;k;g uhysjax dk iwjd gSA4- lehiorhZ jax %4- lehiorhZ jax %4- lehiorhZ jax %4- lehiorhZ jax %4- lehiorhZ jax % ,d tSlh izd`fr okysjaxksadkslehiorhZ jax dgrsgSaA bu jaxksa esa ,d gh tkfrdsjax dk opZLo fn[krk gS tSlsyky] dslfj;k] yky dslfj;k vkfnA buesa yky jax lcesa mifLFkrgSA5- vo.khZ; jax %5- vo.khZ; jax %5- vo.khZ; jax %5- vo.khZ; jax %5- vo.khZ; jax % ';ke ,oa'osr jaxksa dksvo.khZ; jax ekuk tkrk gSA ysfdu fdlh Hkh jaxr dhfofHkUu rkuksa ds fy, nksjax egoiw.kZ gksrsgSaAjaxksa dsizHkko &jaxksadsizHkko &jaxksa dsizHkko &jaxksadsizHkko &jaxksa ds izHkko & fdlh Hkh fp= esa jax dk gh n'kZd lsizFke ifjp; gksrk gSA LokHkkfod :i lsjax vkd"kZ.k dh oLrqgSA fofHkUu jaxksa dsmudh izd`fr dsvuqlkj vyx&vyx izHkko gksrsgSaA jaxksadksizdfr dsvk/kkj ij nkslewg ;k Jsf.k;ksaesa ckaVk tkrk gS%&1 -1 -1 -1 -1 - xeZ jax %xeZ jax %xeZ jax %xeZ jax %xeZ jax % ,slsjax tksrhoz gksrs gSa rFkk vf/kd nsj rd ns[kusls gesa Fkdku gksrh gSm".k ;k xeZ

jax dgykrsgSaA tSlsihyk] dslfj;k] ykyA2 -2 -2 -2 -2 - B.Msjax %B.Ms jax %B.Msjax %B.Ms jax %B.Msjax % tksjax lkSE; ,oa'khry gksrsgSa rFkk ftUgsage vf/kd nsj rd ns[k ldrsgSaB.Ms

jaxksa dh Js.kh esaekustkrsgSatSlsgjk] uhyk] cSaxuh vkfnA

bu lHkh jaxksadsiz;ksx lsfofo/k Hkkoksadk vadu lqxerk lsfd;k tkrk gS%&1- yky & ;q)] ks/k] mYykl2- ihyk & izdk'k] m"ek] xoZ3- uhyk & Hk;] jkf=] dkeqdrk4- gjk & 'kkafr] lef)] foJke5- ukjaxh & izsj.kk] v/;kRe] Kku] ohjrk] jktlh6- cSaxuh & nq%[k] jgL;] e`R;q7- lQsn & 'kkafr] ifo=rk] mTT+oyrk8- ';ke dkyk & v/k sjk] Hk;] nq%[k] diV] "kM+;U=

o.kZ izfrLFkkiu &o.kZ izfrLFkkiu &o.kZ izfrLFkkiu &o.kZ izfrLFkkiu &o.kZ izfrLFkkiu & fofo/k Js.kh ;k izd`fr dsjaxksa dksiz;ksx djrsle; Hkh lko/kkuh j[kuh pkfg,A

Hkkoksa vkSj fo"k;oLrq dh vko';drkuqlkj fp= esa jaxksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA jaxksa dh iqujkofRr]jaxr ds eku dks?kVk ;k c


13/124

fl [ 13

1 -1 -1 -1 -1 - lehiorhZjax ;kstuk %lehiorhZ jax ;kstuk %lehiorhZjax ;kstuk %lehiorhZ jax ;kstuk %lehiorhZ jax ;kstuk % o.kZp esa ikl&ikl vkusokys jaxksa dk iz;ksx bl laxfr lsfd;ktkrk gSfd bl izdkj dsjaxksa esadksbZ ,d jax lHkh jaxksa esa dekscs'k mifLFkr jgrk gS tSlsyky]yky cSaxuh] cSaxuh vkfnA

2 -2 -2 -2 -2 - iwjd jax ;kstuk %iwjd jax ;kstuk %iwjd jax ;kstuk %iwjd jax ;kstuk %iwjd jax ;kstuk % bl izdkj dh jax laxfr esa ijLij fojks/kh jaxksadk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSAbl izdkj dh jax laxfr vkd"kZd rksgkssrh gSij larqyu cuk;sj[kusdsfy, vH;kl dhvko';drk gksrh gSA

3 -3 -3 -3 -3 - cgqo.khZ; jax ;kstuk %cgqo.khZ; jax ;kstuk %cgqo.khZ; jax ;kstuk %cgqo.khZ; jax ;kstuk %cgqo.khZ; jax ;kstuk % bl izdkj dso.kZfu;kstu esajaxksa dh dksbZlhek ughagksrh gS cfYddykdkj Lofoosd ls,oa fo"k; oLrq dh vko';drkuqlkj fdrus Hkh jax dke esa ysldrk gSA

4 -4 -4 -4 -4 - ,do.khZ; jax ;kstuk %,do.khZ; jax ;kstuk %,do.khZ; jax ;kstuk %,do.khZ; jax ;kstuk %,do.khZ; jax ;kstuk % fdlh ,d gh jax dksysdj mldh fofHkUu rkuksa lsfp= dksiwjk djuk,d o.khZ; jax ;kstuk dsvUrxZr ekuk tkrk gSA bl izdkj dh ;kstuk esa ';ke&'osr jax dk egogksrk gSA

5 -5 -5 -5 -5 - vo.khZ; o.kZ 'kwU;rk %vo.khZ; o.kZ 'kwU;rk %vo.khZ; o.kZ 'kwU;rk %vo.khZ; o.kZ 'kwU;rk %vo.khZ; o.kZ 'kwU;rk % dsoy dkys;k lQsn jaxksa dh laxfr dk iz;ksx o.kZ 'k wU;rk dh Js.khesa ekuk tkrk gSA

6 -6 -6 -6 -6 - =;h jax ;kstuk %=;h jax ;kstuk %=;h jax ;kstuk %=;h jax ;kstuk %=;h jax ;kstuk % bl izdkj dh jax ;kstuk esa o.kZp ij dkYifud f=Hkqt ekudj mldsrhuksa dks.kksaokys rhu jaxksa dk p;u fd;k tkrk gS vFkkZr blesa ;fn ,d jax yky gS rksihykvkSj uhyk 'ks"k jax gkssxsa] ,d jax gjk gSrkscSaxuh o dslfj;k 'ks"k jax gksaxsAbu jax laxfr;ksa dsvykok iz[kj] ean] [k.Mh; vkfn jax fu;kstu fof/k;ak Hkh izpyu esa gSaA

:i:i:i:i:ifdlh oLrq;k O;fDr dh vkd`fr :i dgykrh gSA :i dk viuk vkdkj o o.kZgksrk gS ftlls

mldh igpku curh gSA fp=ry ij izFke fcUnq ds vadu gkssrsgh :i dk fuekZ.k izkjEHk gkstkrkgSA izk;% :i nks izdkj dsgksrs gSa &lefer :i fu;fer %lefer :i fu;fer %lefer :i fu;fer %lefer :i fu;fer %lefer :i fu;fer % ;fn fdlh :ikdkj dkse/; lsfoHkDr fd;k tk, rksnksuksa Hkkx ,d

nwljsdh foykse vkdfr okys gksaxstSlsfxykl] QqVcky] oxZ] ?ku vkfnA ,sls:i fu;fer :idgykrsgSaA ;svis{kkd`r lk/kkj.k lkSUn;Zcks/k okysgksrsgSaAvlefer :i vfu;fer %vlefer :i vfu;fer %vlefer :i vfu;fer %vlefer :i vfu;fer %vlefer :i vfu;fer % vlefer :i esae/; ls nksuksavksj dsHkkx fofHkUurk ;qDr gksrsgSaA,sls:i xfriw.kZrFkk vf/kd lqUnj la;kstu dksvfHkO;Dr djrsgSaA tSlsfo"ke f=Hkqt] dsryh vkfnA:i ,oavFkZlkj %:i ,oavFkZlkj %:i ,oavFkZlkj %:i ,oavFkZlkj %:i ,oa vFkZlkj % :i dk rkRi;Zfdlh oLrq;k O;fDr dh vkd`fr lsgS ogh fp= esaizLrqr fo"k;

oLrqdksvFkZlkj dgrsgSaA izk;% dykdfr esa nksizdkj dsvFkZlkj ekus x;sgSaA1- O;fDrxr &1- O;fDrxr &1- O;fDrxr &1- O;fDrxr &1- O;fDrxr & ftl dykd`fr dk lEcU/k dsoy dykdkj rd lhfer gksvFkkZr mlesa iz;qDr fo"k;

oLrqdykdkj dsfy, vkRelUrqf"V ek= gks] mldk vFkZlkj O;fDrxr gksrk gSA blsfuEuLrj dk ekuktkrk gSA2- lkeqnkf;d &2- lkeqnkf;d &2- lkeqnkf;d &2- lkeqnkf;d &2- lkeqnkf;d & tc dykd`fr esa izLrqr Hkko lEiw.kZlekt dsfy, gks] ftuesa lcdseaxy dh

Hkkouk gksog lkeqnkf;d vFkZlkj gksrk gSA ,slsvFkZlkj okyh vkdfr dksJs"B ekuk x;k gSA lPphdykdfr esa lkeqnkf;d vFkZlkj gksrk gSA:i ds izHkko %:i dsizHkko %:i ds izHkko %:i dsizHkko %:i ds izHkko % le ,oafo"ke :ikdkjksa dsewy mn~xe esa T;kferh; lajpuk;sagksrh gSaA buT;kferh; :ikdkjksa dsfofHkUu Hkko gksrsgSaftudsvk/kkj ij dykdkj viuh d`fr esa budk p;udjrk gSA

AglaSem S
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av vk;rkdkj :i %& ,drk] n


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fl [ 15

1- izkIr %1- izkIr %1- izkIr %1- izkIr %1- izkIr % izkIr iksr osgksrs gSatksizd`fr fufeZr oLrqvksaesa gksrs gSaA oLrqvksa dsfp=.k esa Li'kZ}kjk bUgsavuqHkodj iz;ksx djuspkfg;sA

2- vuqd`r %2- vuqdr %2- vuqd`r %2- vuqdr %2- vuqd`r % izd`fr esa vuqHkwr inkFkksZadksfpf=r djrsle; muds /kjkryh; xq.kksa dk vuqdj.k 'kfDr lsfp=ry ij vkHkkl aHkze mRiUu djuk bl rjg dsiksrdh Js.kh esa fxustkrsgSaA3- lftr %3- lftr %3- lftr %3- lftr %3- lftr % ;g dykdkj dh ltu 'kfDr dk ifjpk;dgksrk gSA dykdkj vius vuqHkoksa o ;U=ksa dh lgk;rklsfofo/k iz;ksx djdsuohu izdkj ds /kjkryh; izHkkofp= ij mRiUu djrk gSA ,slsiksr l`ftr iksr ekustkrsgSaA buesa uohurk o vkd"kZ.k vf/kd gksrk gSAiksr dk ego &iksr dk ego &iksr dk ego &iksr dk ego &iksr dk ego & fp=ry ij ;FkkFkZvadu dh n`f"V

lsiksr egoiw.kZro gksrk gSA iksr dh fofo/krk lsvUrjky dksxfr iznku dj mldh ,djlrk dkslekIrfd;k tk ldrk gSA la;kstu fl)kUrksa dh LFkkiuk esaiksr dh egoiw.kZHkwfedk gksrh gSA fpdus][kqjnjs] :bZ] rsy] iRFkj] ikuh vkfn dk vadu iskr }kjk gh :ieHksn dksizkIr djrk gSA

vUrjkyvUrjkyvUrjkyvUrjkyvUrjkyog likV LFkku ftl ij fp=.k dk;Zfd;k tkrk gSmlsfp=Hkwfe ;k vUrjky dgk tkrk gSA

;g f}vk;keh gksrk gSA vUrjky vFkok LFkku dsvHkko esadykdfr dk l`tu laHko ughagksrk gSAfdlh Hkh dykd`fr ds fy;s fp=ry avUrjky dk foHkktu fd;k tkrk gS ;g ljy ;k tfVy

gks ldrk gSA fp=ry ij izFke fcUnq ds vafdr gksrs gh v{kr Hkwfe ij ruko mRiu gks tkrk gS

vkSj fp=ry lf; rFkk lgk;d vUrjky ds :i esa caV tkrk gSA :ikdkj }kjk ?ksjk x;k LFkkulf; vUrjky ds :i esa vkSj 'ks"k LFkku lgk;dvUrjky ds:i esa tkuk tkrk gSA izk;% vUrjky dksnks izdkj ls foHkkftr fd;k tkrk gSA

1- le foHkfDr2- fo"ke foHkfDrle foHkfDr esa fp=ry dksbl izdkj foHkkftr

fd;k tkrk gSfd nksuksa vksj leku :ikdkj jgsaA fo"kefoHkktu esa ,slk gksuk t:jh ughagskrkA ;g foHkktuvf/kd uUnfrd ekuk x;k gSA blesa ekSfydrk gksrh gSA

blds vykok ;wukuh i)fr Lo.khZ; foHkktufl)kUr rFkk d.kZor foHkktu i)fr Hkh yksdfiz; ryfoHkktu dh fof/k;ka gSaA Lof.kZe foHkktu i)fr esafp=ry dksfdrusgh Hkkxksa esa ckVk tk ldrk gSA bllsu dsoy fp=Hkwfe dsfoHkktu esa larqyu jgrkgS cfYd fofo/krkiw.kZgksuslsvkd"kZ.k Hkh cuk jgrk gSA

fp= la-10 & l`ftr iksr

le foHkfDr

fo"ke foHkktu

AglaSem S
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vUrjky vkSj :i O;oLFkkvUrjky vkSj :i O;oLFkkvUrjky vkSj :i O;oLFkkvUrjky vkSj :i O;oLFkkvUrjky vkSj :i O;oLFkkLi"Vr% f}vk;keh fp=Hkwfe ij ;FkkFkZtxr ds:ikdkjksa dk vadu djrsle; mudh yEckbZ

pkSM+kbZds lkFk eksVkbZ vFkok xgjkbZdk Hkko Hkh n'kkZ;k tkrk gSA ;g fojks/kkHkklh fLFkfr gksrh gSAf=vk;keh Hkze mRiUu djus dsfy;sfp=ry avUrjky ij :iksadh O;oLFkk fo'ks"k ego j[krh gSAvkPNkfnr ry O;oLFkk esa vkdkjksa dks,d nwljs dsvkxsihNsvafdr djrsgSaftllsikl nwj dk Hkzefn[ksA vkdkjksa esa {k;of) }kjk NksVk cM+k vafdr djdsmudsrku ,oajax dsoSfo/;iw.kZ iz;ksx lsvUrjky ij ;FkkFkZoknh Hkze mRiUu fd;k tk ldrk gSA vk/kkj js[kk ds utnhd oLrqNksVh o kwfeyrFkk mlh e esa mllsuhpsan'kZd dsikl dh oLrqdksvis{kkdr cM+k o Li"V cukdj Hkh ;g izHkkon'kkZ;k tk ldrk gSA

vH;klkFkZ iz'uvH;klkFkZ iz'uvH;klkFkZ iz'uvH;klkFkZ iz'uvH;klkFkZ iz'u

y?kqkjkRed iz'uy?kqkjkRed iz'uy?kqkjkRed iz'uy?kqkjkRed iz'uy?kqkjkRed iz'u

1- js[kk fdls dgrs gSa\2- #i D;k gS\3- iksr dsfdrusizdkj gksrsgSa\4- dks.kh; js[kk D;k gS\5- vUrjky fdrusizdkj dk gksrk gS\6- f=vk;keh fp= D;k gS\7- eq[; o.kZdkSulsgSa\8- lehiorhZo.kks ds rhu uke crkb;sA9- ,dkdh o.kZ D;k gS\

10- f}rh; jax dkSulsgSa\11- rku dksfdrus Hkkxksa esa ckaV ldrsgSa\12- js[kkadu fdrus izdkj dk gksrk gS\

13- js[kkadu o ;U=ksa dk D;k lEcU/k gS\

14- #i ds}kjk vfHkO;f dSlsgksrh gS\

15- fp=dkj izkdfrd :i esa ifjorZu D;ksa djrk gS\

16- o.kZ cks/k fdl izdkj gksrk gS\

17- eku dk o.kZ esa D;k vFkZ gS \

18- fojks/kh o.kZ fdlsdgrsgSa\

19- rku fdls dgrsgSa\ bldsizdkj crkb;sA20- fp= esa rku dk D;k ego gS\

21- ,d o.kZlsfofHkUu rku dSlsizkIr djrsgSa\

22- izkIr iksr dsckjs esa crkb;s\

23- iksr o vUrjky dk D;k lEcU/k gksrk gS\

AglaSem S
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fl [ 17

24- iksr lsfp= esa ,drk dSlsykrsgSa\

25- vUrjky foHkktu dh dkSu lh i)fr;kagSa\

26- vle foHkf D;k gS\

fucU/kkRed iz'ufucU/kkRed iz'ufucU/kkRed iz'ufucU/kkRed iz'ufucU/kkRed iz'u

1- dyk v/;u esa dyk roksa dk egRo crkrs gq, lfoLrkj fyf[k;sA

2- vkdkj ij js[kk dk D;k izHkko iM+rk gS\ bllsvkdkj esa D;k ifjorZu gksrsgSa\ le>kb;sA

3- fp= esa jax&;kstuk dsego dksmnkgj.k lfgr le>kb;sA

4- vUrjky dk fp= esa D;k ego gSrFkk mlsfdl izdkj f;kfUor fd;k tkrk gS\

5- iksr dsizdkj crkrsgq, mudsvUos"k.k dsrjhds mnkgj.k lfgr Li"V dhft,\

AglaSem S
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of.k Zdk Hkax %of.kZdk Hkax %of.k Zdk Hkax %of.kZdk Hkax %of.k Zdk Hkax %jaxksadsmfpr iz;ksx dksgh of.kZdk Hkax dslUnHkZesa ns[kk tkrk gSA jax fp=dyk dk og ro

gS ftl ij n'kZd dh loZizFke nf"V iM+rh gSA fp=dkj dksjax dk iw.kZKku gksuk vko';d gSA jaxksa

dh izdfr Hkh vyx vyx gksrh gSA fo"k;oLrq,oaHkkoksa dsvuq:i jaxksa dk p;u fd;k tkrk gSAHkjreqfu usjaxksadksHkkoksa dslkFk tksM+k gS&

';keksHkofr k`axkj% flrksgkL;% izdhfrZr%A';ke jax k`axkj jl dk ,oa'osr gkL; dk izrhd gSAo.kZ dsmfpr iz;ksx dsfcuk fp= "kMax ds'ks"k ikapksa vax Hkh egoghu gkstkrs gSaA f'kYi 'kkL=ksa

esa eq[; ,oafeJ o.kksZa dk o.kZu feyrk gSA fo".kq /keksZkj iqjk.k esauhyk] ihyk] gjk lQsn o dkykjax ewy o.kZ ekus x, gSarFkk 'ks"k dksfefJr jaxksadh Js.kh esa j[kk x;k gSA gkykafd orZeku esayky]

uhyk o ihyk eq[; jax ekustkrsgSaA dkyso lQsn dksvo.khZ; dgk x;k gSAbl izdkj Hkkjrh; fp=dyk ds mDr N% vax fp= "kMax fp= jpuk dsvk/kkjHkwr funsZ'kd rRo

ekusx, gSaA budk ikyu izkphudky lsysdj Hkkjrh; y?kqfp= 'kSfy;ksa rd fn[kkbZnsrk gSA Hkkjrh;fp=dyk dh vkn'kZ Nfo Hkh bu vaxksa dh vuqikyuk lsfufeZr gqbZ gSA

la;kstu ds fl)kUrla;kstu ds fl)kUrla;kstu ds fl)kUrla;kstu ds fl)kUrla;kstu ds fl)kUrla;kstu dk vFkZjpus;k l`ftr djus lsgS] ftlesa fofHkUu roksa dk lqUnj leUo; gksrk gSA

fp=dkj tc fdlh fp=d`fr dk fuekZ.k djrk gS rksog js[kk] :i] jax vkfn dh e/kqj laxfr djrkgSA dyk dsfofok roksa dksiz;ksx djusdsfy, og ftu vkn'kksZadh ikyuk djrk gS osla;kstudsfl)kUr dgykrsgSaA vkd"kZd ,oalEiw.kZfp= dh jpuk dsfy, fuEufyf[kr lkoZHkkSfed fl)kUrksadk /;ku j[kk tkrk gS%&

1- ,drk lg;ksx

2- lUrqyu3- y; izokg4- lkeatL;5- izHkkfork6- vuqikr7- ifjizs{;8- fLFkfrtU; y?kqrk

,drk lg;ksx,drk lg;ksx,drk lg;ksx,drk lg;ksx,drk lg;ksx

fp= esa iz;qDr vafdr fd, tkus okys:ikdkjksa dsvkilh lEcU/k ftuds}kjk fp= ^^,d**

fn[kkbZ nsrFkk muesafc[kjko u vk,] ;g ,drk dk dk;Z gSA ,drk vFkok lg;ksx }kjk la;kstuesa izLrqr vkdfr;ksa o fo"k;oLrqesa HkkoukRed fj'rk mRiUu fd;k tkrk gS ftldsdkj.k fp= esalEiw.kZrk vkrh gSrFkk fujFkZd fc[kjko ls cpk;k tk ldrk gSA ,d gh dykd`fr esa dbZfp=ksa dkvkHkkl uk gks] ;g ,drk dk mn~ns'; gSA

fp= esalg;ksx fu/kkZj.k %fp= esalg;ksx fu/kkZj.k %fp= esalg;ksx fu/kkZj.k %fp= esalg;ksx fu/kkZj.k %fp= esa lg;ksx fu/kkZj.k % fp= esa,drk cuk, j[kusdsfy, :ikdkjksa dk vadu egoiw.kZgksrkgSA ysfdu lg;ksx cuk, j[kusdsiz;kl esa vkdkjksadh jpuk uhjl gks tkrh gSA blfy, vkd`fr;ksa

AglaSem S
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raj board class 11 book - kala siddhant evam murti kala

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