rajnitk prastb 2069 asar 2 (bauddha bhela)

7/23/2019 Rajnitk Prastb 2069 Asar 2 (Bauddha Bhela)

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gj;zf]wgjfbsf lj?4 ljrf/wf/fTds ;3if{rnfpF b}

qmflGtnfO gof 9n]cufl8 a9fcf

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qmflGtsf/L xflb{s clejfbg

cfh xfdL g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf]Oltxf;df Ps gofF/ ljlzi6 df]8df v8f 5f}+. g]kfnL sDo'lgi6cfGbf]ngsf]Oltxf; dfS;{jfbL wf/f / ;+zf]wgjfbL wf/fsf aLrsf]eLif0f b'O{nfOg ;+3if{sf]Oltxf; xf]. xfdLn]Oltxf;df ljleGg ?k / /sf blIf0fkGyL ;+zf]wgjfbsf lj?4 ;+3if{ub}{cfPsf 5f}+. clxn]xfdL xfd|f]dxfg\tyfuf}/jzfnL kf6L{PsLs[t g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{-dfcf]jfbL_ leqs}g]t[Tjsf]Pp6f lx:;fdf ljBdfg u+eL/ k|sf/sf]gj;+zf]wgjfbsf lj?4 hl6n b'O{nfOg ;+3if{sf]k|lqmofdf 5f}+. xfdLn]nfdf];dob]lv kf6L{df ljBdfg blIf0fkGyLPjd\dWokGyL k|j[lQsf lj?4 lgGt/ ;+3if{rnfpFb}cfof}+ . vl/kf6L /fli6o e]nf x'Fb}clxn];Dd To; k|sf/sfk|j[lQx?nfO{;Rofpg] / Pstf, ;+3if{ d'VotM ?kfGt/0fsf cfwf/df cufl8 a9\g] k|of; uof}+ . o; k|lqmofdfs]Gb|Lo ;ldlt / s]Gb|Lo :t/sf ljleGg e]nf Pjd\ a}7sx?df leGg dtsf a]Un} k|:tfjx? k]z u/] klg

c;xdltsf ljifonfO{yflt /fvL ;xdt x'g ;lsg] ljifonfO{ ldnfP/ tLg k6s;Dd Pp6}k|:tfj kfl/t u/]/cufl8 a9\of}+. kf6L{sf]d"n /fhgLlts gf/f / sfo{lbzfnfO{;Rofpg]sfd uof}+. k/Gt'g]t[Tjsf]Pp6f lx:;faf6;xdlt ePsf]k|:tfj / qmflGtsf/L sfo{lbzfsf]sfof{Gjog ug]{ tkm{ k6Ss} Wofg lbOPg / ltgnfO{k"/}cj1ful/of] . cGttM ju{ b'Zdg;+u cfTd;dk{0f ub}{ kf6L{nfO{ blIf0fkGyL ;+zf]wgjfbL ef;df kmF;fpg] if8oGqnfO{pTsif{df k'ofOof].

cflv/ xfd|f ;fd's7f]/ lg0f{o lng'kg]{l:ylt k}bf eof]/ hgjfbsf cfwf/df ;xL lgisif{df k'Ugsf nfluo; P]ltxfl;s /fli6o e]nfsf]cfof]hgf ul/Psf]5 . xfdL of]a]nf cGt/fli6o / g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf]Oltxf;df cToGt}b"/ufdL dxTjsf]Pp6f o'ufGtsf/L lg0f{o lng]cj:yfdf k'u]sf 5f}+. xfdLnfO{ljZjsf ;RrfqmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6x?n] x]l//x]sf 5g\ . of] a]nf ljZj;j{xf/f ju{ / cfd g]kfnL hgtfn] klg xfd|f] ;xL /j}1flgs lg0f{osf]k|tLIff ul//x]sf 5g\ . xfdLnfO{ ljZjf; 5, of] /fli6o e]nf oL ;a}cfzf tyf ck]IffdflyWofglb+b}b[9 ;+sNksf ;fy ;xL tyf j}1flgs lgisif{df k'Ug ;kmn tyf ;dy{x'g]5 .

xfdL o; P]ltxfl;s cj;/df ;du|qmflGt, hgcfGbf]ng / dxfg\hgo'4sf]P]ltxfl;s k|lqmofdf b]z /hgtfsf]d'lQmsf lglDt hLjgsf]cfx'lt lbO{;xfbt k|fKt ug]{jL/ cd/ ;lxbx?k|lt ;;Ddfg efjk"0f{>4f~hnLck{0f ub{5f}+. dxfg\hgo'4sf]k|lqmofdf /fHof/f j]kQf kfl/Psf qmflGtsf/L of]4fx?nfO{;+:d/0f ub}{jxfFx?k|ltxfdL pRr ;Ddfg hfx]/ ub}5f}+. ;fy}, xfdL dxfg\hgo'4 / hgcfGbf]ngsf]k|lqmofdf ckf tyf 3fOt]x'g'ePsf;Dk"0f{jL/ of]4fx?k|lt ;Ddfg k|s6 ub{5f}+ . o;sf ;fy}xfdL ;lxb kl/jf/ tyf j]kQf of]4f kl/jf/hgx?k|ltklg xflb{s ;Ddfg JoQm ub{5f}+.

cfhsf /fli6o /fhgLlts kl/l:ylt

g]kfn ;'uf}nL ;lGw otf c4{cf}klgj]lzs tyf c4{;fdGtL x'Fb} gj cf}klgj]lzs cj:yfdf abln+b}cfPsf]5 . b]znfO{o;k|sf/sf]cj:yfaf6 d'Qm ug{sf nflu cg]sf}+hg;+3if{, hgcfGbf]ng, ;z:q ;+3if{rNb}cfPsf5g\. o;k|sf/sf ;+3if{x?df @)%@ ;fn kmfu'g ! ut]b]lv g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{-dfcf]jfbL_sf]g]t[Tjdf ;~rflntbz jif{sf]dxfg\hgo'4 ljz]if pNn]vgLo /x]sf]5 . k/Gt', uGtJodf k'Ug gkfpFb}hgo'4sf]cGTo ul/Psf]5 . zflGt k|lqmofdf cfP otf g]kfnL hgtfn];Ddfghgs ?kdf ;]gf ;dfof]hg / ;+ljwfg;ef dfkm{t\gofF

;+ljwfgsf]cfzf tyf ck]Iff u/]sf lyP . ;+ljwfg ;efsf]lgjf{rgdf ;a}eGbf 7"nf]kf6L{sf ?kdf g]kfnL hgtfn]g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_nfO{ljhoL agfPsf lyP . k/Gt', rf/ jif{sf]s;/t kl5 klg hgtfsf]kIfdf ;+ljwfg aGg ;s]g. Tofu, jL/tf / alnbfgsf pTs[i6 sLlt{dfg sfod ub}{ cfPsf] g]kfnL hgd'lQm ;]gfnfO{ckdfghgs ?kdflgz:qLs/0f u/L lj36g Pjd\lj;h{g u/fOof]/ ;+ljwfg ;efsf]klg lagf pknlAw lj36g ul/of]. g]kfnL hg;d'bfo / ljleGg /fhgLlts kIfaf6 b]z / hgtfsf]kIfdf ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf nflu lg/Gt/

va/bf/L ub}{ cfpg] sfd ePsf] 5 . o; k|lqmofdf ;+kGg ;"b'/ klZrd, yf?jfg, dw];, ;"b'/k"j{, sf7df8f}+pkTosf nufot b]zsf ljleGg efux?df ;zSt k|sf/sf lj/f]wk|bz{g, cfd x8tfn, ;efh'n';, wgf{;lxtsf]


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;+3if{sf sfo{qmdx? ljz]if pNn]vgLo /x]sf 5g\. o;}qmddf xfd|f]ljrf/ ;d"xsf tkm{af6 klg :jtGq / ;+o'Qm?kdf x:tfIf/ cleofg;lxt ljleGg k|sf/sf ;+3if{sf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ub}{ cfpg] sfd ePsf] 5 . k/Gt',o;k|sf/sf ;+3if{df cleJoQm hgtfsf efjgf Pjd\cledtdfly s'g}Wofg lbOPg . ;+ljwfg;ef dfkm{t lsg ;+ljwfg aGg ;s]g / o;f]x'g'sf k5fl8 sf] sf] lhDd]jf/ /x]sf 5g\< g]kfnLhgtfn]o; k|Zgsf];xL / ;6Ls hafkm vf]lh/x]sf 5g\. ;+ljwfg ;eff/f ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f x'g g;Sg'sf k5fl8d'VotM ;Qf lnK;fsf nflu sltko /fhgLlts kf6L{sf aLr rNb}cfPsf]cGts{nx tyf ;+ljwfg lj/f]wL if8\oGq,b]zsf k|d'v /fhgLlts bnsf zLif{g]tfx?sf]c;kmntf, sltko j}b]lzs k|ltlqmofjfbL zlQms]Gb|x?sf]x:tIf]k,k'/fgf] ;Qff/f t]:of{OPsf] cj/f]w, Pg]skf-dfcf]jfbL_sf] g]t[Tjsf] Pp6f lx:;fdf a9\b} uPsf] cj;/jfbL tyfjuL{o cfTd;dk0f{jfbL lrGtg nufotsf sf/0fx?n]sfd u/]sf]s'/f :ki6 g}5 . o;df klg cem}7f]; / d"t{?kdf eGg'kbf{ ;+j}wflgs ;ldltsf] ljjfb ;dfwfg p;kldltsf ;+of]hssf x}l;otn] k|r08 / ;/sf/sf]k|wfgdGqLsf x}l;otn]afa'/fd e/fO{;a}eGbf a9L lhDd]jf/L /x]sf b]lvG5g\. o; kl/36gfaf6 s]s'/f :ki6x'G5 eg]oL g]tfx? g]kfnL /fhgLltsf]Oltxf;df c;kmn l;4 eO;s]sf 5g\/ logn]g]kfnL hgtfnfO{s'g}klgcu|ufdL lgsf; lbg ;St}gg\. g]kfnL hgtfn]gofF/fhgLlts g]t[Tjsf]ljsNk vf]lh/x]sf 5g\/ o;af/]u+eL/aGg h?/L 5 . cfh b]z ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf] gjpklgj]zjfbL r+u'ndf cToGt} tLa| j]udf kmF:t} uPsf] 5 . gjpklgj]zjfbsf] d"n ljz]iftf eg]sf] ;+alGwt b]zleqsf bnfn k'FhLklt ju{nfO{ cfkm\gf] d'7\7Ldf kf/]/ Pjd\

gf]s/zfxL k'FhLklt Pjd\;fdGt ju{nfO{k|nf]eg lbP/ cfkm\gf]kIfdf Nofpg', cfkm\gf bnfnx?nfO{/fvL agfOPsf]s7k'tnL ;/sf/ dfkm{t\x:tIf]ksf/L e"ldsf v]Ng'tyf To;k|sf/sf tTjx?f/f cfkm\gf] :jfy{l;4 ug'{g}xf] /g]kfndf zflGt k|lqmofotf o; sfdnfO{lgs}lta|tf lbOPsf]5 . c?sf]t s'/}5f]8f}+, clxn]sf]afa'/fd g]t[Tjsf];/sf/n]klg ToxL s7k'tnL ;/sf/sf]e"ldsf v]ln/x]sf] 5 . clxn]d'n'ssf]k|wfg cGtlj{/f]w Psflt/ b]zLo bnfn k'FhLklt ju{, gf]s/zfx k'FhLkltju{Pjd\;fdGtju{tyf ef/tLo lj:tf/jfb / csf]{lt/ cfd g]kfnL hg;d'bfosf aLr /x]sf] 5 . xfdLn]of]cGtlj{/f]wnfO{/fd|f];+ua'em\g / To;sf];dfwfg ug]{lbzfdf cufl8 a9\g h?/L 5 . o; k|sf/sf]cGtlj{/f]wsf];dfwfg gofFhgjfbLqmflGtf/f g}x'g;S5 / of]s'/f xfdLn]klxn]b]lv jtfpFb}cfPsf 5f}+. g]kfndf nfdf] ;dob]lv /fli6otf, hgtGq / hghLljsfsf ;d:ofx? hl6n aGb} cfPsf 5g\ .

o;k|sf/sf ;d:ofx?sf] ;dfwfgsf nflu ;j{xf/f ju{sf] g]t[Tjdf dhb'/, ls;fg, dlxnf, cflbjf;Lhghflt,

blnt, dw];L, d'l:nd ;lxt pTkLl8t If]qsf hg;d'bfosf aLr P]Soa4tf clgjfo{?kdf cfjZos 5 . dxfg\hgo'4sf]k|lqmofdf o; k|sf/sf]P]Soa4tf ;'b[9 aGb}cfPsf]xf]/ ca To;nfO{cem};'b[9 t'Nofpg h?/L 5 .

k/Gt's]xL ;do otf ;fd|fHojfbL tyf lj:tf/jfbL zlQmx?n]hghflt, lk5l8Psf If]q, dlxnf, blntcflbnfO{;j{xf/f ju{sf]g]t[Tj, juL{o b[li6sf]0f tyf r]tgfaf6 s6fP/ lg/k]If ?kdf hftLotfsf]k|ZgnfO{cufl8a9fO/x]sf 5g\. o;sf ;fy}, v; /fi6fx+sf/jfbL, lkt[;QfjfbL tyf a|fXd0fjfbLx?f/f hghflt, dlxnf, blnt,dw];L, d'l:nd cflb ;d'bfosf]:jtGq klxrfg tyf cl:tTjdfly klg eLif0f cfqmd0f ug]{sfd x'Fb}cfPsf]5 .l:yltsf]of]u+eL/tfnfO{/fd|f];+u a'em\g h?/L 5 . xfdLn]hghflt, dlxnf, blnt, dw];L, d'l:nd cflb ;d'bfosf]ljlzi6 :jTj / klxrfgsf];Ddfg ub}{ltgsf ;d:ofsf];xL ;dfwfg ug]{af/]uDeL/ aGg'kb{5 .

g]kfnL hgtf ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfb tyf lj:tf/jfbaf6 dfq xf]Og, ;fdfGotM ;a}vfn];+zf]wgjfb /

ljz]iftM blIf0fkGyL ;+zf]wgjfbaf6 pTkLl8t /lxcfPsf]5 . xfdLn]g]kfnL qmflGtsf]Oltxf;df ljleGg ;dodf;+zf]wgjfbsf lj?4 n8\b}cfPsf 5f}+/ clxn]klg dfcf]jfbL k+lQmleq}gj;+zf]wgjfbsf lj?4 n8\g kl//x]sf]5 .;fd|fHojfb / ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf]o'udf ;fd|fHojfb Pjd\;+zf]wgjfbsf aLr 3lgi7 ;DaGw x'G5 / sDo'lgi6 kf6L{leq b]vfkg]{ljefhgsf k5fl8 Pp6f k|d'v sf/0f ;fd|fHojfb / ;+zf]wgjfbsf aLrsf]ckljq u7aGwg g}xf].Oltxf;sf cgluGtL tYox?sf aLraf6 o; s'/fsf]k'li6 x'Fb}cfPsf]5 . t;y{, cfh klg g]kfnL qmflGtsf nflu;fdfGotM ;a}vfn];+zf]wgjfb / ljz]iftM blIf0fkGyL ;+zf]wgjfb g}k|d'v vt/f /x]sf]5 . cfh b]zdf u+eL/ k|sf/sf] ;+s6 5 . b]zdf Joj:yflksf 5}g, ;+j}wflgs sfo{sf/L sfo{kflnsf 5}g .hgtfsf]kIfdf gofF;+ljwfg aGg ;Sg]l:ylt klg b]lvb}g . b]zsf]cy{tGq 6f6 klN6b}uO/x]sf]5 . k|fs[lts;|f]t, ;fwg, jghn, gbLgfnf cflbdfly j}b]lzs lu2]b[li6 kb}{tyf ltgnfO{x8Kg]s;/t a9\b}uPsf]5 . k/Gt'b]zsf 7"nf /fhgLlts kf6L{sf g]tfx? b]znfO{;xL /fhgLlts lgsf; lbg]lt/ xf]Og, ;/sf/df hfg] lnK;fsf

nflu cGts{nxdf Jo:t b]lvG5g\. o; k|sf/sf];+s6af6 ;xL / bL3{sfnLg lgsf; lbgsf nflu cfh j}slNks/fhgLlts zlQm clgjfo{?kdf cfjZos aGg uPsf]5 / o;af/]u+eL/tfk"j{s ;f]+Rg h?/L 5 .


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b]zdf a9\b}uO/x]sf]tLa| /fhgLlts tyf cfly{s ;+s6, /fhgLlts kf6L{x?sf aLr ;/sf/df hfgsf

nflu a9\b} uPsf] cGts{nx, b]z tyf hgtfn]ck]Iff u/]cg'?k ;+ljwfg aGg g;Sg] l:ylt, ;+ljwfg ;efsf]c;kmntfoL gofF9sf]cfGbf]ng ;+ul7t ug{sf nflu j:t'ut ?kdf b]vf kb]{cfPsf cg's"ntfsf ;+s]t x'g\.k/Gt', csf]{lt/ dfcf]jfbL leq u+eL/ k|sf/sf]cj;/jfb k}bf x'g k'u]sf]5 / o;af6 qmflGtsf/Lx?sf]cfTdutl:ylt sdhf]/ aGg uPsf]5 . cfh ljleGg k|ltlqmofjfbL tyf ;+zf]wgjfbL lsQfsf g]tfx? hgtfsf]dgf]efjgf / cu|ufdL r]tgfnfO{

ks8\g g;Sg'sf]sf/0f c;kmn ;flat x'Fb}uPsf 5g\ . of] l:yltdf ljleGg kf6L{?df w'|jLs/0f / PsLs/0fsf]k|lqmof ljsl;t aGb}hfg yfn]sf]b]lvG5 . cfh oBlk qmflGtsf nflu j:t'ut kl/l:ylt kl/kSj eP/ klg cfTdut kl/l:ylt w]/}g}sdhf]/ aGguPsf] 5 . k/Gt' ;Rrf dfS;{jfbLx?n] cToGt} kl/>d u/]/ afXo ?kdf k|ltlqmofjfb Pjd\ cfGtl/s ?kdfblIf0fkGyL ;+zf]wgjfbsf lj?4 ;+3if{ rnfP/ gofF 9sf] kf6L{ lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofnfO{ cufl8 a9fpFb} ;+3if{sfsfdnfO{gofF9n];+ul7t ug{ljz]if hf]8 lbPdf k|lts"ntfnfO{cg's"ntfdf km]g{;lsG5 . xfdLn]b[9 ;+sNk /;fx;sf ;fy ToxL ug'{kb{5 . clxn]g]kfnL /fhgLltdf Psflt/ g]sf, Pdfn];lDdlnt k'/ftgkGyL tyf oyfl:yltjfbL wf/f lqmofzLn

/lxcfPsf]5 eg]csf]{lt/ gj;+zf]wgjfbL u7aGwg lqmofzLn /x]sf]b]lvG5 . oL b'j}af6 b]z / hgtfsf]lxtdfsfd x'g ;St}g / ca g]kfnL /fhgLltdf b]zeQm, u0ftGqjfbL, jfdkGyL Pjd\;a}hgju{ tyf df]rf{x?nfO{cfj4 u/L t];|f]/fhgLlts wf/fsf]lgdf{0f ub}{cfGbf]ngnfO{k|efjsf/L 9n];+ul7t ug{/ b]znfO{cu|ufdL gofF/fhgLlts lgsf; lbg cfjZos 5 .@ cGt/fli6o kl/l:yltaf/]

cfh ;fd|fHojfb Psflt/ e"d08nLs[t aGb}uO/x]sf]5 eg]csf]{lt/ To;n]u+eL/ k|sf/sf ;+s6x?nfO{klg

lgDTofpFb}cfPsf]5 . ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf / o"/f]kdf km}lnb}+uPsf];+s6n];+;f/ el/sf hgtfdf klg 7"nf]c;/ kfl//x]sf]5 .

cfh ljZjdf tLg k|sf/sf cGtlj{/f]wx? lqmofzLn /x]sf 5g\. tL cGtlj{/f]w x'g\;fd|fHojfb / pTkLl8t/fi6x?sf aLrsf]cGtlj{/f]w, ;fd|fHojfbL d'n'sx?sf aLrsf]cGtlj/f]w / ;fd|fHojfbL d'n'sx?df k'FhLklttyf ;j{xf/f ju{sf aLrsf]cGtlj{/f]w . oL cGtlj{/f]wx? dWo];fd|fHojfb / pTkLl8t d'n'sx?sf aLrsf]cGtlj{/f]w g}clxn]sf]k|wfg cGtlj{/f]w xf]. cfh klg Pl;of, clk|msf / blIf0f cd]l/sf g}qmflGtsf k|d'vs]Gb|x'g\/ clxn]klg qmflGt g}ljZjsf]d"n k|j[lQ xf].

;fd|fHojfb leqsf] ;+s6sf] sf/0f cGt/;fd|fHojfbL cGtlj{/f]w a9\b} hfg yfn]sf] b]lvG5 . ljleGgb]zx?df k|e'Tj hdfpg tyf d'gfkmfsf ;|f]tx? x8Kgsf nflu pgLx?sf aLr xltof/ / o'4 k|ljlwsf]ljsf; ug]{sfddf k|lt:kwf{rNb}cfPsf]b]lvG5 .

a9\b}uPsf]u+eL/ k|sf/sf] ljQLo ;+s6nfO{xn ug{, t]n e08f/x? sAhf ub}{hfg / cfkm\gf]cl:tTjsf

lglDt vt/f b]lvPsf dWok"j{sf lnljof nufotsf d'n'sx?dfly lgn{Hh cfqmd0f ug]{ / To;k|sf/sfd'n'sx?sf]:jTj g};dfKt kfg]{cleofgdf cd]l/sL ;fd|fHojfb / To;sf ;xof]uL d'n'sx? nfluk/]sf 5g\. ;fy}, To;k|sf/sf]x:tIf]k / x}sdsf lj?4 c/a d'n'sx?df cfGbf]ng klg a9\b}uO/x]sf]5 .

;fd|fHojfbL d'n'sx?df a9\b}uPsf];+s6n]ToxfFo'jfzlQm tyf dhb'/ ju{nfO{klg k|efljt kfb}{nu]sf]

b]lvG5 . cd]l/sfsf] jfn l:66df ePsf lj/f]w k|bz{g / o'/f]ksf u|L;, :k]g, O6nL nufotsf b]zx?dfljsl;t dhb'/ cfGbf]ngx? o; ;Gbe{df pNn]vgLo /x]sf 5g\. h'g ?kdf cfh ;fd|fHojfbL b]zx?df cfly{s ;+s6 a9\b}uPsf]5 / To;af6 cfGbf]ngsf kIfdf j:t'ut

cfwf/ tof/ aGb}uPsf]5, To;sf t'ngfdf qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf]cfTdut zlQm eg]ljsl;tx'g ;ls/x]sf]5}g . o; l:yltdf o; cfGbf]ngnfO{ultzLn Pjd\ lqmofzLn agfpgsf nflu cfjZoskxn ug{h?/L 5 .

cfh ljZj:t/df x]bf{qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng sdhf]/ / blIf0fkGyL cj;/jfb k|jn ?kdf k|s6 x'Fb}

uPsf] 5 . o; l:yltdf cfh ljZj:t/df qmflGtsf lglDt blIf0fkGyL ;+zf]wgjfb g} k|d'v vt/f aGb}cfPsf]b]lvG5 .

blIf0f Pl;ofnL If]qsf d'n'sx? ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbL x:tIf]ksf lzsf/ x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\ / g]kfndf

To;k|sf/sf] x:tIf]k a9\b} uPsf] 5 . ef/tdf lta| bdg cleofgsf aLrdf klg To;sf] k|lt/f]w ub}{efskf-dfcf]jfbL_f/f qmflGtnfO{hf/L /fVt}cfpg]sfd ePsf]5 .


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4

e"/fhgLlts cj:yfaf6 gfhfoh kmfObf p7fpFb}ljZj ;fd|fHojfb / lj:tf/jfbf/f g]kfnnfO{cfcfkm\gf]

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5/22

5

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6/22

6

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o;} k|lqmofdf n]lgg eGg'x'G5 qmflGtsf/L c:yfoL ;/sf/ qmflGtsf] tfTsflns ljhosf nflu,qmflGtlj/f]wL k|of;x?nfO{tTsfn ljkmn t'Nofpgsf nflu ;+3if{sf]pks/0f x'G5, Tof]s'g}klg 9n]cfd?kdf

k'FhLjfbL qmflGtsf] P]ltxfl;s l;l4sf]pks/0f x'Fb}g . -pQm, ($_ n]lggsf pQm egfOx?nfO{ jt{dfg g]kfnL;Gbe{df a'em\g'kbf{ ltgsf];f/ s]x'G5 eg];/sf/df efu lng'jf dflyaf6 x:tIf]k ug'{sf]d"n p2]Zo qmflGtlj/f]wL ultljlwx?nfO{bjfpg'/ g]kfnL hgtfsf :jtGq xs, lxtsf]/Iff ug'{g}xf] cGoyf xf]Og . To;}u/L tncyf{t\;8ssf]e"ldsfjf/]klg n]lggn]/fd|f];+u :ki6 kfg'{ePsf]5 . n]lgg eGg'x'G5xfdLn]c:yfoL qmflGtsf/L;/sf/dfly tnaf6 s'g}klg xfntdf bafj lbg'kb{5 . tnaf6 o; k|sf/sf]bjfjsf nflu ;j{xf/f ju{;z:qx'g' kb{5 . lsgeg] qmflGtsf/L 38Ldf 36gfx? cToGt} tLa|tfsf ;fy ljsl;t eP/ v'Nff u[xo'4sf] r/0fdfk'Ub5g\/ To;sf]g]t[Tj ;fdflhs hgjfbL kf6L{sf]xftdf x'g'kb{5 .-pQm, k[=&(_ . n]lggsf pQm egfOnfO{g]kfnL ;Gbe{df a'em\g' kbf{ ltgsf] ;f/ ;8sdf cfGbf]ngnfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;+ul7t ug'{, hgd'lQm ;]gfg]kfnsf] e"ldsfnfO cfjZostf cg'?k k|efjsf/L agfpg' / h:tf];'s} hl6n l:yltdf klg b]z, hgtf tyfqmflGtsf]g]t[Tj ug{tof/ /xg'x'G5 . cflv/, n]lggn]eg]em}+xfdLn]dfly / tnaf6 klg s'g}pNn]vgLo e"ldsf

v]Ng ;lsPg . a? To;sf]7Ls pN6f]lbzfdf hfg]sfd x'g uof].;fy}, oxfFg]/ s'g s'/f klg a'em\g h?/L 5 eg] ;j{xf/fju{ tyf qmflGtsf/L hg;d'bfon] k'/fgf]/fHo;QfnfO{;dfKt gkf/L qmflGtsf sfdnfO{cufl8 a9fpg / k'/fgf]/fHo dlzg/LnfO{h:tfsf]h:t}cfkm\gf]


7/22

7

xftdf lnP/ ;~rfng ug{;St}g . ljZj Oltxf;af6 k|dfl0ft o; s6';TonfO{xfdLn]sbflk lj;{g ;lsb}+g .g]kfnsf ;Gbe{df klg oxL s'/f ;To xf].

o; cltl/Qm 7Ls oxfFg]/ xfdLn] s] s'/f a'em\g h?/L 5 eg] n]lggsf] Tof] k|:yfkgfnfO{ ;RrfqmflGtsf/Lx?n]dfq cjnDjg ug{;St5g\/ cj;/jfbLx?af6 Tof]sfd x'g};St}g . cj;/jfbLx?n]n]lggsf]pQm k|:yfkgfnfO{;+;bjfbdf hfg]eof agfpg / ;Rrf qmflGtsf/Lx?nfO{e|ldt t'Nofpgsf nflu pkof]u ug{rfxG5g\ . clxn] g]kfndf 7Ls oxL eO/x]sf] 5 / kf6L{sf] d"n g]t[Tjn] n]lggjfbL k|:yfkgfnfO{ ;+;bjfbL

/fhgLltsf]eof agfpg]sfd ul//x]sf]5 . dfS;{jfbn];+;b / ;/sf/sf]pkof]u ug]{s'/fnfO{gsfb}{g . k/Gt',Tof] pkof]u qmflGtsf/L tl/sfn] dfq x'g ;St5, cj;/jfbL tl/sfn] xf]Og . qmflGtsf/L tl/sfn] ;+;b /;/sf/sf]pkof]usf nflu kf6L{;fFRr}sf]qmflGtsf/L, cg'zfl;t / dfS;{jfbk|lt lgi7fjfg\x'g h?/L x'G5 . cGoyf;+;b / ;/sf/sf]pkof]u ug]{xf]Og ls pN6}k|ltlqmofjfbf/f pkof]u x'g]s'/f cfpF5 . j:t'tM xfdLn];bg /;/sf/sf] pkof]u u/]sf 5}gf}+, clkt' xfdL :jod\ k|ltlqmofjfbf/f pkof]u ul/Psf 5f}+ . o;af/] ;}4flGts /Jofjxfl/s b'j}b[li6n]uDeL/tfk"j{s ;f]FRg h?/L 5 . 7L+s oxLg]+/ xfdLn]s'g s'/fdfly klg Wofg lbg h?/L 5eg] n]lggn] !()% df cfjZos kl/l:yltdf ;bg / ;/sf/sf] pkof]u ubf{ dfly / tnsf aLr tfnd]nldnfpg] s'/f atfpg' ePsf] lyof], k/Gt' km/j/L qmflGt kZrft\ jxfFn] ;/sf/df ;lDdlnt d]G;]ljsx?nfO{k|ltlqmofjfbsf uf]6L tyf s7k'tnL atfpg'ePsf]lyof]. n]lggsf tL egfO jt{dfg g]kfnL ;Gbe{df klg ljz]ifdggof]Uo /x]sf 5g\.

xfdLn]qmflGtsf/L 9+un];+;b tyf ;/sf/sf]pkof]u ug]{af/]w]/} k|of; uof}+ / ub}{klg cfPsf 5f}+ .k/Gt'of]sfd Joy{;flat x'Fb}uPsf]5 . oyfy{df eGg'kbf{g]t[Tjsf]cj;/jfbL lx:;fsf]rfxgf jf p2]Zo ;+;b/ ;/sf/sf]pkof]u qmflGt jf hgljb|f]xsf nflu geP/ ;+;bLo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf nflu xf]/ of]s'/f ca;':ki6 eO;s]sf]5 .

kf6L{sf tkm{af6 ;/sf/sf] g]t[Tj ul/Psf]cj:yf xf];\jf cGo kIfsf]g]t[Tjdf ;xefuL ePsf]l:ylt xf];\b]z, hgtf / qmflGt;+u ;+alGwt s}of}+ cxd\ d'2fx? /fli6o ;'/Iff ;+aGwL gLlt lgwf{/0f, c;dfg ;lGw;Demf}tfx?sf] vf/]hL, ;lxb kl/jf/sf nflu tf]lsPsf] /fxtsf] Joj:yf, a]kQf of]4fx?sf] ;fj{hlgsLs/0f,;Ddfghgs ?kdf ;]gf ;dfof]hg, hgtfsf]kIfdf ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f, /fHosf ;a}cx?df ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zLk|ltlglwTj, e|i6frf/ tyf dxL lgoGq0f, hghLljsfsf k|Zgdf Go"gtd /fxt cflb ljifodf cfjZos Wofglbg'tk/}hfcf];\a? pN6f]e"ldsf v]Ng]sfd ul/Psf]5 . oL ;a}s'/faf6 s]:ki6 x'G5 eg] ;/sf/sf]pkof]u b]z,hgtf tyf qmflGtsf]kIfdf geO{d"ntM k|ltlqmofjfbL ju{tyf To;sf];Qfsf];]jfsf nflu x'g uPsf]5 .

oL ;a} k|lts"ntfx? x'Fbfx'Fb} klg o; k|lqmofdf /fli6otf, hgtGq / hghLljsfsf ;jfnx?sf ;fy}gful/s ;jf]{Rrtfsf] /Iff nufotsf ljifonfO{ lnO{;DkGg ul/Psf tLg dlxg] wSsf nufotsf ;8s ;+3if{;DaGwL s}of}+sfdx?nfO{;sf/fTds cy{df ;d'lrt d"Nof\sg ug'{kb{5 . ;bgsf]If]qdf klg qmflGtsf/L kIfaf6cfjZos e"ldsf lgjf{x ub}{cfpg]sfd ePsf]5 . ljz]iftM o; ;Gbe{df b]z tyf hglj/f]wL sltko ljw]os jfsfg'gx?nfO{kfl/t ug{ lbOPsf]5}g . ;+;bsf ljljw ultljlwx?df b]z / hgtfsf]kIfdf sfdx? ug]{ k|of;ul/Psf]5 . ;/sf/df a:bf klg qmflGtsf/L kIfaf6 sltko sdL tyf ;Ldf /x] klg d"ntM ;sf/fTds e"ldsflgjf{x ul/Psf]5 .-u_ hgdlQm ;gf gkfn ;DaGwL ;dLIff

g]kfnL gofF hgjfbL qmflGtsf tLg ;fwg dWo] hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfn Ps k|d'v ;fwg xf] . ;fdfGok|sf/sf n8fs'bnx?af6 5fkfdf/ bnx? x'Fb}hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfn ljsl;t x'g k'u]sf]xf]. g]kfndf gofFhgjfbL

u0ftGqsf] :yfkgfsf nflu ;~rflnt dxfg\ hgo'4nfO{ /0fgLlts /Iff / /0fgLlts ;Gt'ng x'Fb} tyf cfwf/Onfsf / hg;/sf/x?sf] u7g k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpFb} k|efjsf/L ?kdf ljsl;t t'Nofpg] dxfg\ P]ltxfl;ssfddf hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnsf]ljlzi6 e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 . hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnn]dxfg\hgo'4sf]k|lqmofdf ljleGgkmf}hL df]rf{df Tofu, jL/tf / alnbfgsf pTs[i6 sLlt{dfgx? :yflkt ub}{cfPsf]s'/f huhfx]/ 5 . o; k|lqmofdfs}of}+jL/ of]4fx?sf];xfbt ePsf]5 . s}of}+3fOt]tyf ckf agfOPsf 5g\. k/Gt'cflv/df hgo'4sf]cGTosf]3f]if0ff u/L hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnnfO{SofG6f]gd]G6df /flvof] . ;Ddfghgs ?kdf ;]gf ;dfof]hg ug]{elgPsf]dfTof]klg x'g ;s]g . cGttM cfkm\g};/sf/sf]g]t[Tjdf g]kfnL ;]gfsf]k|of]u u/]/ hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnnfO{ sAhfdflnO{lgMz:qLs/0f, lj;h{g / lj36g ug]{sfd ul/Psf]5 . of]ljZjs}Oltxf;df cToGt}b'Mvb tyf la8Dagfo'Qmkl/36gf xf].-3_ ;ljwfg ;efsf sfdsf ;dLIff

kf6L{df ;+ljwfg;ef dfkm{t\ ;/sf/ / ;8ssf aLr cfjZos tfnd]n sfodu/L hgtfsf] ;+3Lou0ftGqfTds ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf nflu kxn ug]{/ ;]gf ;dfof]hgsf]sfd klg ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f;+u}Ps};fy ug]{lg0f{o lnOPsf] lyof] . k/Gt', k|r08jfj'/fdf/f To; lg0f{osf]7Ls pN6f]hfg]sfd ul/of] . hghflt, dlxnf,


8/22

8

blnt, d'l:nd, dhb'/;lxt pTkLl8t ju{sf] /fHosf ;a} c+ux?df ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTjsf] Joj:yf tyftbg'?k lgjf{rg k|0ffnLsf]lgwf{/0f, Psn hftLo klxrfgsf cfwf/df /fHosf]k'gM;+/rgf, cfTdlg0f{osf]clwsf/,:jfoQtf tyf cu|flwsf/, dlxnf, blnt, d'l:ndsf] ljz]ifflwsf/, Joj:yflksfk|lt pQ/bfoL Gofo Joj:yf,hldgsf]xbaGbL lgwf{/0f;lxt qmflGtsf/L e"ld;'wf/, gful/stf cflbaf/]kf6L{gLlt tyf c8fg kl/Tofu ul/of].oxfF;Dd ls ljifout ;ldltx?df ax'dt / ;j{;Ddltsf cfwf/df kfl/t ul/Psf s}of}+ljifonfO{;d]t pN6\ofOof]. slyt ;xdlt ug]{gfddf ljjfb ;dfwfg pk;ldltdf /xL kf6L{sf ;du|c8fg kl/Tofu ug]{, g]=sf= nufotsf

zlQmx?l;t /fi6klt tyf /fhg]tf aGg]k|nf]egdf cfTd;dk{0f ug]{/ ;+ljwfg;efsf ;b:ox?sf]clwsf/, ;Ddfgtyf nf]stflGqs d"Nodfly uDeL/ cf3ft k'ofOof] . cGTodf, /fHo k'gM;+/rgfsf];Gbe{df gfd tyf klxrfgljgf P3f/ k|b]zdf hfg];xdlt sfod u/L hghflt, dw];L nufotsf pTkLl8t ;d'bfok|lt uDeL/ ljZjf;3ftul/of]/ To;sf]lj/f]wdf ;zQm cfjfh p7]kZrft\k5fl8 x6]tf klg k|ltj]bgx?nfO{ljjfb ;dfwfg pk;ldltdf/f]s]sf]/f]So}u/]/ ;+ljwfg ;efsf]k|lqmofdf cufl8 a9\g ;Dd klg lbOPg . dtbfgsf]k|lqmof cufl8 a9]sf]ePPsn klxrfg ;lxtsf];+3Lotfsf] k|lqmofdf ;fwf/0f ax'dt dfq xf]Og b'O{ ltxfO{ ax'dtaf6 kfl/t x'g ;Sg]x:tfIf/ ;lxtsf] :ki6 lrq b]Vbfb]Vb} klg hj/h:t ?kdf sfo{;"rLnfO{ pk;ldltsf] ;+of]hsn] /f]ls/fVg'n]k|r08afa'/fdf/f lbOPsf] klxrfg ;lxtsf];+3Lotfsf]gf/f sf]/f 9f]+u dfq /x]sf] tYo gff]tl/sfn]phfu/ePsf] 5 . ;fy}, sfo{;"rL /f]s]/ cGttM ;+ljwfg ;ef dfkm{t hgtfsf] ;+ljwfg agfOg' t k/} hfcf];\ pN6};+ljwfg ;ef g}e+u u/fOof] . of];du|k|lqmofdf k|r08 afa'/fdf/f g]kfnL hgtfk|lt uDeL/ ljZjf;3ft x'g

uPsf]s'/f :ki6 5 .;fy}, oxfFg]/ s'g s'/f klg :d/0fLo 5 eg]kf6L{f/f t/fO{dw];df yf?jfg, cjw, ldlynf / sf]lrnfk|b]z agfpg] lg0f{o lnOPsf] lyof] . k/Gt', kl5Nnf]cjlwdf /fHo k'gM;+/rgf tyf afF8kmfF8 ;ldltf/f k|:t'trf}w k|b]zsf] k|:tfjnfO{;dy{g ul/Psf]5 / tbg'?k klZrddf yf?jfg tyf k"j{df dw]z k|b]znfO{:jLsfl/Psf]5 .

o;sf ;fy};+ljwfg ;efdf /xg'ePsf qmflGtsf/L kIfsf sd/]8x?af6 /fHo k'gM;+/rgf nufot ljleGg;ldltx?sf]k|ltj]bg tof/ kfg]{, hgtfsf]kIfdf ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf nflu ax;df k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;xefuL x'g]/cGo kIfnfO{k|efljt kfg]{, /fHosf ;a}c+ux?df ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL k|ltlglwTj nufotsf ljifodf c8fg lng]cflb sfddf dxTjk"0f{e"ldsf lgjf{x ul/Psf]5 .-_ bOnfOg ;3ifsf ;dLIff

l;+uf] cGt/f{li6o sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf ;fy} g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf; b'O{nfOg ;+3if{sf]Oltxf; xf]. o; Oltxf;sf];f/tTjnfO{dfcf]f/f g]t[Tj ul/Psf]rLgsf]sDo'lgi6 kf6L{n]Pstf, ;+3if{, km'6;Ddklg / km]l/ gofFcfwf/df gofF Pstf sf] Gjfbsf ?kdf k|:t't u/]sf] 5 / Tof] ;xL xf] . of] s'/f g]kfnsDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf]Oltxf;df klg nfu'x'G5 . kf6L{df rNb}cfPsf] b'O{nfOg ;+3if{nfO{ lgDg cg';f/ k|:t't ug{;lsG5 M- _ hgo4sf kxnblv zflGt klqmof;Dd

kxnug]{k|lqmofb]lv hgo'4 x'Fb}zflGt k|lqmof;Ddsf]8]9 bzs hltsf]nfdf]cjlwdf kf6L{leq ljleGgk|sf/sf cGtM;+3if{rNb}cfPsf 5g\ . oL cGtM;+3if{ dWo]afa'/fdl;tsf] cGtM;+3if{s]xL hl6n aGb}uP klgr'gjf;Dd cfpFbf To;nfO{ k|r08 / afa'/fdsf aLr ;+emf}tfjfb ?kdf ;dfwfg ul/of] . zflGt k|lqmofdfcfPotf klg cGtM;+3if{jf b'O{nfOg ;+3if{t rn]k/Gt', vl/kf6Lsf]cf;kf;df uP/ Tof]tLa|aGof]. o; a]nfsf]

kf6L{sf]l:ylt / cGtM;+3if{df qmflGtsf/L kIfaf6 klg s]xL sdhf]/L x'g uPsf 5g\.-@_ vl/kf6Lblv xfn;Dd

vl/kf6Lsf]/fli6o e]nf;Dd cfpFbf kf6L{leq rNb}cfPsf] cGt{;+3if{jf b'O{nfOg ;+3if{n] Ps pTsif{sf]?klnof] . o; e]nfdf xfd|f]kIfaf6 hgu0ftGqdf cfwfl/t a]Un} /fhgLlts k|ltj]bg k]; ul/of] . vl/kf6Ldf xfd|f]tkm{af6 k|:t't k|:tfjdf elgPsf]5/fli6o :jfwLgtfsf]/Iff / hgtfsf];+3Lo nf]stflGqs /fli6o u0ftGqsf]:yfkgfsf]sfdnfO{s]Gb|laGb'df /fVg], ;]gfsf];dfof]hg / gofF ;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0fsf]sfd Ps};fy ;DkGg ug]{,b]zeQm, nf]stflGqs / jfdkGyL zlQmx?sf aLr ;+o'Qm df]rf{agfpg], hgljb|f]xsf] tof/L Pjd\tbg'?k ;+3if{tyf ;+u7gsf ?kx?sf]lgwf{/0f ug]{cflb sfdnfO{sfo{gLlts >[v+nfsf ?kdf c+uLsf/ ug'{kb{5 . o;}sfo{gLltdfkm{t\/0fgLlts nIo xfl;n ug{;lsG5 .-;doa4 -}dfl;s_ cs+! k"0f{\s !), df3kmfu'g @)^*, k[=!@%_ .;f]e]nfdf xfd|f]kIfaf6 k|:t't To; k|:tfjnfO{k|r08 kIfaf6 :jLsf/ ul/of]. cGttM xfd|f]kIf / k|r08f/f k]z

ul/Psf sltko ljifonfO{ ldnfO{ tyf afFsL ljifonfO{ cfufdL a}7sx?df k|:t't ug]{ u/L hgljb|f]xnfO{s]Gb|ljGb'df /fvL j}rfl/s, /fhgLlts, ;f+u7lgs, ;+3if{;DaGwL / k|fljlws tof/Lsf sfdnfO{ Jojl:yt 9n]cufl8 a9fpg]lg0f{o lnOof].


9/22

9

k/Gt', k|r08f/f To;k|sf/sf] lg0f{onfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{, Jojl:yt ?kdf tof/Lsf sfddf hfg]nufotsf sfdx? x'g ;s]gg\. sf7df08f}+df s]lGb|t ul/Psf]tLg wSsf cGtu{tsf]bf];|f]wSsfdf ul/Psf ljz]ifhgk|bz{gsf sfdx?n] lglZrt nIo xfl;n ug{;s]gg\ . t];|f]wSsfsf sfd g}cufl8 a9\]gg\. o;af6 l;+f]kf6L{ k+lQmdf c;Gt'li6, cfqmf]z / lg/fzfsf] l:ylt k}bf eof] . kf6L{leqsf] cGt/;+3if{ tLj| aGb} uof] . o;l:yltdf kfn'6f/df s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf]lj:tfl/t a}7s af]nfOof]. kfn'6f/df ;DkGg s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf]lj:tfl/ta}7sdf k|r08, afa'/fd / xfd|f]kIfaf6 ;d]t u/L tLgj6f k|:tfj k|:t't ePsf lyP .

vl/kf6Ldf kfl/t sfo{lbzfsf] sfof{Gjog;+u ;DalGwt k|:tfjaf/] xfd|f] kIff/f kfn'6f/ k|:tfjdfelgPsf]5qmflGtsf/L sfo{lbzfsf]sfof{Gjog tyf tof/Lsf]k|lqmof lsg k|efjsf/L ?kdf cufl8 a9\g ;s]g t< o;f] x'g'sf] k5fl8 s}of}+sf/0fx?n]sfd u/]sf 5g\h;df d'VotMd"n g]t[Tjaf6 -s_ cfGbf]ngdf ljBdfgb+lIf0fkGyL cj;/jfbsf lj?4 ;+3if{ug'{sf];f Tof]l;t em'Sg], ;Demf}+tf ug]{tyf To;nfO{;+/If0f ug]{sfd ug'{. -v_ g]t[Tjaf6 sfo{lbzfsf]sfof{Gjogsf]nflu d"t{of]hgf agfpg]tkm{cfjZos Wofg glbg', -u_ sfo{lbzf /g]t[Tjsf aLr cGtlj{/f]w k}bf x'g', -3_ zAbdf qmflGtsf/L sfo{lbzfnfO{:jLsfg'{t/ sd{df To;sf]sfof{Gjogtkm{cfjZos Wofg ghfg', -_ tfTsflns, b}lgs tyf e}kl/cfpg]sfdx?nfO{k|fyldstf lbg'/0fgLlts dxTj tyftof/Lsf sfdx?k|lt pk]Iff ug'{cflb sf/0f /x]sf 5g\ . oL sf/0fx? lglZrt lrGtg / k|j[lQ;+u ;DalGwt 5g\. -pQm, k[= !$#_ . o; k|sf/sf lrGtg / k|j[lQ d'VotM ;f/;+u|xjfb / dWodkGyL cj;/jfb g}lyP .

kfn'6f/ lj:tfl/t a}7s kZrft\ nfdf] cGt{lqmof kl5 ;DkGg s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] a}7sdf xfd|f] /k|r08f/f k]z ul/Psf k|:tfjsf ;xdltsf ljifonfO{ ldnfO{ tyf afFsL ljifonfO{ yflt/fvL Pp6} k|ltj]bgagfOof]. t/ To; kZrft\klg kfl/t k|ltj]bgsf]sfo{Gjog tkm{ k|r08f/f Wofg lbOPg . kf6L{df cGtlj{/f]w emg}lta|aGb}uof].

@)^* ;fn j}zfvdf ePsf]s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf]a}7sb]lv clxn];Dd cfpFbf kf6L{leqsf] b'O{nfOg ;+3if{cToGt}tLa| / u'0ffTds 9+un]rs{b} uPsf] b]lvG5 . j}zfvdf ePsf] o; a}7sdf k|r08f/f k|:t't k|:tfjdfkfn'6f/df kfl/t k|:tfjnfO{vf/]h ul/of] . 7Ls To; l:yltdf xfd|f]kIfaf6 csf]{ k|:tfj k]z eof] . k|r08afa'/fdsf aLr Pstf sfod eof]/ xfd|f]k|:tfj cNkdtdf kof].

ut @)^* k'; / df3df a;]sf]s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf]a}7sdf xfd|f]/ k|r08sf]kIfaf6 j]Unf j]Un}/fhgLltsk|ltj]bg k]z ul/Psf]df ltgnfO{ oyfjt\/fvL c;xdt ePsf ljifonfO{tn;Dd n}hfg]/ ;xdt ePsf ljifodfPsLs[t of]hgf / sfo{qmd agfO{sfddf hfg];dembf/L agfOof] . tbg';f/ kf6L{sf]tfTsflns sfo{of]hgf /

sfo{qmdaf/]k|:tfj kfl/t ul/of]. k/Gt', To;sf]klg sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]g . ut a};fv b]lv clxn];Dd cfpFbfkf6L{df ;+3if{sf rf/ cfwf/ tyf rf/ tof/L, ;]gf ;dfof]hg, ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f, hUuf lkmtf{, ;/sf/df ;dfg'kflts;dfj]zL k|ltlglwTj, laKkf ;+emf}tf nufotsf ljifox?df b'O{nfOg ;+3if{ tLa| aGof] . cGttM o; cjlwdfhgd'lQm ;]gfsf] lgMz:qLs/0f Pjd\ lj;h{g ul/of] / hgtfsf] kIfdf ;+ljwfg aGg] s'/f t k/} hfcf];\ pN6};+ljwfg ;ef g}vf/]h ul/of].

vl/kf6Lb]lv xfn;Dd cfpFbf o; ;du| k|lqmofdf b'O{nfOg ;+3if{sf] ljifoj:t' d"ntM nf]stflGqsu0ftGqd} 6fFl;P/ a:g] ls hgtfsf] ;+3Lo u0ftGqsf] lbzfdf cufl8 a9\g], b]zleqsf bnfn, gf]s/zfx tyf;fdGtju{ / aflx/sf d'VotM lj:tf/jfbL x:tIf]ksf lj?4 /fli6o :jfwLgtfsf] /Iffsf] nflu ;+3if{ ug]{ lsltgLx?;+u cfTd;dk0f{ug]{, hgljb|f]xsf]tof/Ldf hfg] ls ;+;bjfbL zflGtk"0f{ tl/sf canDag ug]{, b]zeQm,u0ftGqjfbL tyf jfdkGyL zlQmx?l;t ;+o'Qm df]rf{ ug]{ ls, bnfn k'FhLklt ju{;+u u7aGwg u/]/ hfg],

;Ddfghgs 9n];]gf ;dfof]hg ug]{ls hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnsf]lgMz:qLs/0f, lj36g ty lj;h{g ug]{, dhb'/,ls;fg ;lxt cfd hg;d'bfosf]kIfdf hftLo klxrfg, dlxnf, blnt, d'l:nd, lk5l8Psf If]qsf hg;d'bfosf]xslxtdf cfwfl/t ;+ljwfg agfpg]ls bnfn, gf]s/zfx tyf ;fdGt ju{sf]lxtdf cfwfl/t oyfl:yltjfbL tyfkZrufdL ;+ljwfg agfpg] cflb ljifodf cfwfl/t /x]sf] lyof] . cGttM k|r08f/f dWokGyL cj;/jfbaf6blIf0fkGyL lbzflt/ xfdkmfNb} hfg] sfd eof] . ;f/df of] b'O{nfOg ;+3if{ qmflGtsf/L sfo{lbzf / blIf0fkGyL;+zf]wgjfbL sfo{lbzfsf aLrsf]eLif0f ljrf/wfTds tyf /fhgLlts ;+3if{lyof].

b'O{nfOg ;+3if{sf]o; ;du|k|lqmofdf k|r08af6 PsdgfjfbL ljZjb[li6sf]0f cg'?k rNg], d}qLk"0f{;+3if{nfO{b'ZdgLk"0f{ ?klbg], ank|of]u ug{sf nflu cfkm\gf] kIfsf sfo{stf{x?nfO{ lgb]{zg lbO{ pS;fpg], leGg dtsfsd/]8x?nfO{avf{:t ug]{, :ki6 / v'nf geO{5n5fd tyf if8oGq ug]{, kf6L{df p7fOPsf ljifoaf/] cfjZos5nkmn tyf ;dfwfg lgsfNg]lt/ guO{ ltgnfO{ yGSofP/ /fVg], leGg dtk|lt c;lxi0f' aGg], leGgdtsfsd/]8x?nfO{ cfly{s gfsfaGbL ug]{, cj;/jfbLx?nfO{ sfvL RofFKg] / qmflGtsf/Lx?nfO{ kfvf nufpg], cflbul/Psf]kfOG5 .


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xfd|f]tkm{af6 kf6L{nfO{Pstf, ;+3if{/ ?kfGt/0fsf]k|lqmofdf culf8 a9fpgsf nflu oy]i6 k|of; x'Fb}cfPsf]5 . o; k|lqmofdf k|r08nfO{?kfGt/0f ug{sf nflu cTolws k|of; ul/of]. To;}sf]kl/0ffd ljleGg ;dodf b'O{leGg k|:tfjx?nfO{ ldnfpFb} tyf leGg dtnfO{ yflt /fVb} cfpFg] sfd klg eof] . o; ;Gbe{df cg]sf}+cGt{lqmofx? klg eP . ;f+u7lgs If]qdf k6sk6s ljlwsf] lgdf{0f ug]{sfd klg eof] . k/Gt'tL ;a}sf]s'g}kmnbfoL kl/0ffd lg:sg ;s]g . k|r08 kIfaf6 xfd|f]kIfnfO{af/Daf/ em'SofpFb}, ljifoj:t'tyf Ph]08f ljxLgagfpFb}/ cGttM cfTd;d{k0f u/fpFb}n}hfgsf nflu cg]sf}+s'l6n rfn tyf 5n, k|k~r rnfpFb}cfpg]sfd

eof]. vl/kf6Lb]lv clxn];Ddsf s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf clwsf+z a}7sx?sf]d"n ljz]iftf j]Unf j]Un}k|:tfj k]z ug]{,cGTodf ldnfpg] / k/Gt'sfof{Gjogdf ghfg], km]l/ b'O{nfOg ;+3if{df hfg] / km]l/ To;} ug]{ kL8fbfoL rqmsf]k'g/fj[lQ eO g}/Xof].-r_ ;oQm dfrf tyf sfo{ut Pstf ;aGwL ;dLIff

dxfg\hgo'4sf]k|lqmofdf /fhff/f s' ug'{eGbf cufl8;Dd cfGtl/s / afXo ljleGg zlQmx?sf aLrljBdfg cGtlj{/f]wx?dfly Wofglb+b}cufl8 a9\g]sfd eP klg s'g}cGo /fhgLlts zlQmx?;+u ;+o'Qm /fhgLlts/ sfo{gLlts b'j} k|sf/sf] df]rf{ aGg ;s]g . oxfF ;Dd ls t'ngfTds ?kdf cfk"mnfO{ qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6egfpg rfxg];d"xf/f klg dxfg\hgo'4nfO{/f]dfG;jfbL, ;fdflhs kmf;LjfbL Pjd\cftjfbL kl/36gf atfpg]/ /fHo;Qff/f eO/x]sf]bdgsf lj?4 ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ngdf ;xefuL ag]/ hfg ;Dd klg c:jLsf/ ug]{sfdeof].

/fhff/f s' ul/P kZrft\ g]sf, Pdfn]nufotsf /fhgLlts zlQmx? dfcf]jfbLk|lt nfnflot ag] /dfcf]jfbL nfO{unfP/ sfo{ut Pstf ug]{gLlt cjnDag u/]. Tof]a]nf cfwf/Onfsf, hg;/sf/ / hgd'lQm ;]gfg]kfn, alnof] kf6L{ ;+u7g / hgfwf/ ePsf] a]nf pgLx?nfO{ kf6L{sf] gLlt cg'?k ;+o'Qm df]rf{ jf sfo{utPstfdf Nofpg'kg]{df pN6}pgLx?sf]gLlt cg'?k ntfl/P/ afx|a'Fb], cf7 a'Fb], lj:t[t zflGt ;+emf}tf nufotsf;+emf}tf ug]{/ ;+;bsf]k'gM:yfkgfsf nflu dltof/ aGg]sfd ul/Psf]5 . of]u+eL/ k|sf/sf]uNtL xf]. zflGt k|lqmofdf cfP otf /fli6o :jfwLgtfsf]/Iffsf]k|Zg lgs}u+eL/ aGb}uPsf]5 . kf6L{f/f b]zsf]k|wfg cGtlj{/f]w b]zleqsf bnfn k'FhLklt ju{;lxt lj:tf/jfb Psflt/ / hgtf csf]{lt/ aGg uPsf] lg0f{o;d]t lnOPsf] lyof] . To; l:yltdf b]zeQm, hgjfbL tyf jfdkGyL zlQmx?;+u ;+o'Qm df]rf{ agfpg] tkm{cfjZos Wofg glbO{pN6};fd|fHojfb tyf lj:tf/jfb k/:t zlQmx?;+u ;+o'Qm u7aGwg sfod ub}{cfpg]sfdePsf]5 . of] u+eL/ lj8Dagfsf]ljifo xf].

hgo'4sf]kxn u/]b]lv clxn];Dd cfpFbf ;+o'Qm df]rf{sf] If]qdf Pp6f cToGt};sf/fTds kIf s]/Xof]eg] dhb'/, ls;fg, dlxnf, blnt, hghflt, dw];L, d'l:nd, lk5l8Psf] If]qsf hg;d'bfosf aLr alnof]P]Soa4tf sfod eof] . k/Gt', ljlrq s'/f s] 5 eg] cfh kf6L{sf] g]t[Tjsf] cj;/jfbL lx:;fn] tLhg;d'bfol;tsf];DaGw tf]8\b}/ pgLx?sf dfunfO{5f]8\b}uO/x]sf]5 .-5_ kf6L Pstf ;DaGwL ;dLIff

zflGt k|lqmofdf cfP otf g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_k|lt Psflt/ ljleGg dfS;{jfbL ;d"x tyf qmflGtsf/Lsd/]8x?sf]cfsif{0f a9\b}uof]eg]csf]{lt/ kf6L{nfO{Jofks tyf alnof]agfpgsf nflu dfcf]jfbL kIfaf6 klgPstfsf nflu cjfZos kxn ug]{sfd eof]. of]kf6L{Pstf s'g}Ps kIf;+u Psk6s dfq geO{ljleGg kIf;+uk6sk6s x'Fb} uof] / o; Pstfsf] Pp6f nfdf] k|lqmof g} /x]/ cfPsf]5 . o; k|sf/sf] Pstfsf] ;}4flGts,/fhgLlts / ;f+u7lgs cfwf/sf ?kdf d"ntM dfS;{jfbn]lggjfbdfcf]jfbljrf/, gofF hgjfbL qmflGtsf]sfo{lbzf, hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotf cflb ljifonfO{lnOPsf]5 .

o; k|sf/sf]kf6L{Pstfdf dxfg\hgo'4sf]yfngL x'g]k|lqmofdf cnu x'g k'Ug'ePsf Pstf s]Gb|sfPsy/L sd/]8 x'g'x'G5 eg]csf]{lt/ Pdfn], dfn]df ljBdfg cj;/jfbsf l;t ljb|f]x u/]/ cfpg]sd/]8x? klg/xg'ePsf]5 . ;fy}, o; k|lqmofdf sltko :jtGq JolQmTj ;fy}sDo'lgi6 ;d"x klg ;fd]n ePsf]kfOG5 .o;/L x]bf{ o; kf6L{Pstfdf ljleGg k[i7e"ld, dgf]lj1fg, sfo{z}nL, efjgf, ;+:sf/ Pjd\ lrGtg z}nLsf] klg;+ud x'g k'u]sf] 5 . o;nfO{;sf/fTds cy{df g} u|x0f ug'{ kb{5 . ljk/Ltx?sf] PsTjsf aLraf6 g} gofFlrhsf]hGd x'G5 .

k/Gt' oxfFg]/ Wofglbg of]Uo csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ s'/f s] 5 eg] Pstfsf] k|lqmof cufl8 a9\b} hfFbfdfcf]jfbLleq b'O{nfOg ;+3if{klg ltj|?kdf a9\b}uPsf]5 . To; l:yltdf kf6L{Pstfn]b'O{nfOg ;+3if{df k|efjkfg{;StYof]/ kfof]klg . o;;Gbe{df pNn]vgLo s'/f s]5 eg]kf6L{Pstfdf ;lDdlnt x'g]Pp6f 7"nf]lx:;fn]kf6L{ leqsf]b'O{nfOg ;+3if{df cj;/jfbnfO{;fy lbg k'Uof]. kmntM kf6L{leqsf]qmflGtsf/L wf/f cNkdtdf kg{


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uof] . o;nfO{ kf6L{ Pstfsf] cToGt} 7"nf] gsf/fTds k|efjsf ?kdf lng' kb{5 . o;sf ;fy} kf6L{ Pstfdf;lDdlnt s}of}+sd/]8x? qmflGtsf/L wf/fsf] kIfdf klg x'g'x'G5 / o;nfO{kf6L{ Pstfsf];sf/fTds k|efjsf?kdf lng'kb{5 . ;fy}, o; b'O{nfOg ;+3if{df Pstfdf cfa4 x'g'ePsf sltko sd/]8x? t6:y klg /xFb}cfpg'ePsf]5 . kf6L{Pstfsf]k|lqmofdf eP ul/Psf oL ;a}s'/faf6 uDeL/ ?kdf s]lzIff lng cfjZos 5 eg]kf6L{Pstfsf]k|lqmofdf qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6x? ;}4flGts, /fhgLlts tyf ;f+u7lgs ;a}k|Zgdf ljz]if ;ts{ /xg'kb{5 .

t;y{, eljiodf ;DkGg ul/g]kf6L{Pstfsf]cfwf/sf ?kdf lgDg ljifonfO{ lng' kb{5-!_ dfS;{jfbn]lggjfbdfcf]jfbnfO{ kyk|bz{s l;4fGt dfGg', -@_ gofF hgjfbL u0ftGqsf] sfo{qmd tyf d"n /fhgLltssfo{lbzf cjnDjg ug'{, -#_ an k|of]usf] l;4fGtk|lt ;}4flGts ?kdf ;xdt x'g', -$_ ;a}vfn];+zf]wgjfbsf;fy}d'VotM b+lIf0fkGyL ;+zf]wgjfb, gj;+zf]wgjfb, juL{o tyf /fli6o cfTd;dk{0fjfbsf lj?4 ljrf/wf/fTds;+3if{ug{;xdt x'g', -%_ hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotfsf];f+u7lgs l;4fGtnfO{:jLsf/ ug'{. o;sf ;fy}xfdLn]Pstfdfcfj4 x'g rfxg] ;d"x jf JolQmsf] b]z, hgtf, qmflGt / ;j{xf/f cGt/f{li6otfjfbk|lt cleJoQm lgi7f tyfOdfGbf/Lsf]efjgfnfO{klg cfwf/ dfGg'kb{5 .

-h_ qmflGtsf/L kIfsf sdL tyf sdhf/Lsf ;dLIff

kf6L{sf]gLlt lgdf{0f ug]{tyf lg0f{o lng]/ sfo{lbzf lgdf{0f ug]{ k|lqmofdf qmflGtsf/Lx?df klg s}of}+

sdL, sdhf]/L tyf ;Ldfx? /x]sf 5g\ . o;k|sf/sf sdhf]/Lx? g]t[Tjsf] s]Gb|Ls/0f, k|r08kysf] gfdf\sg;+aGwL cflb ax;b]lv r'gjf a}7sotf klg k|z:t} /xg uPsf 5g\ . o;k|sf/ sdLsdhf]/Lx?df d'VotMclwe"tjfb, >4fjfb / pbf/jfb kb{5g\. clwe"tjfb eg]sf]s'g}klg j:t', 36gf / k|lqmofnfO{Ps kIfLo ?kdfx]g]{ lrGtg xf] . o;n]j:t'df of t ;sf/fTds of gsf/fTds s'g}Pp6f kf6f]nfO{dfq x]b{5, ;du|df xf]Og .>4fjfb eg]sf]s'g}klg zlQm jf JolQmdf clt>4f jf lg/k]If ljZjf; ug'{ xf] . xfdLn] k|r08sf] g]t[Tjsf/Le"ldsfk|lt h'g ?kdf a9L ljZjf; ub}{cfof}Tof]>4fjfbL sdhf]/L xf]. pbf/jfb eg]sf]s'g}klg rLhnfO{x]g{]af/] To;sf gsf/fTds kIfk|lt pbf;Lg /xg' xf] . xfdL cfkm\gf o;k|sf/sf sdL, sdhf]/L tyf ;Ldfk|ltcfTdfnf]lrt x'Fb}ltgnfO{;Rofpg]af/]u+eL/ aGg'kb{5 .

vl/kf6Lb]lv kfn'6f/ x'Fb}clxn];Dd xfdLn] kf6L{ g]t[Tjsf] Pp6f lx:;fdf b]lv+b}cfPsf ljrngx?sflj?4 ;+3if{ub}{cfPsf 5f}++. of]/fd|f]s'/f xf]. ;fy}, o; k|lqmofdf klg b'O{nfOg ;+3if{df cfjZos ;ts{tfsf]

sdL nufot xfd|f sltko sdhf]/L tyf ;Ldf /lxcfPsf 5g\ . o; ;Gbe{df dw]zL df]rf{l;t ul/Psf]rf/a'Fb];xdltaf/]kbflwsf/Lx?sf]a}7sdf tTsfn ulxl/P/ cWoog ug]{/ cfkm\gf]cledt k|s6 ug]{tkm{cfjZos Wofglbg g;Sg'h:tf sdhf]/L tyf ;Ldf pNn]vgLo /x]sf 5g\.-em_ bOnfOg ;3ifdf qmflGtsf/L kIfsf e"ldsfsf ;dLIff

xfdLn]hgo'4sf]k|lqmofb]lv clxn];Dd cfpFbf qmflGtsf/L kIfdf b]vfk/]sf sdL, sdhf]/L tyf ;Ldfsf]pNn]v ul/;s]sf 5f}+. ca o; ;Gbe{df b'O{nfOg ;+3if{sf]k|lqmofdf qmflGtsf/L kIff/f v]lnPsf]e"ldsfaf/]5f]6f];dLIff ug'{ cfjZos 5 . kf6L{df qmflGtsf/L kIff/f ljutdf ePsf b'O{ nfOg ;+3if{x?df tdfd k|sf/sfcj;/jfbL lrGtg / k|j[lQsf lj?4sf];+3if{df dxTjk"0f{e"ldsf lgjf{x ul/Psf] lyof] . ;fy}, g]skf -dzfn_ /g]skf -Pstfs]Gb|_ sf]sfnv08df hgo'4sf]tof/Lsf nflu pNn]vgLo e"ldsf v]lnPsf]lyof] . dxfg\hgo'4sf]k|lqmofdf qmflGtsf/L kIfsf]sfo{lbzf, gLlt / lg0f{o lng]k|lqmofdf ;sf/fTds e"ldsf v]lnPsf]s'/f :ki6 g}5 .o; k|sf/sf] e"ldsfsf] cefjdf dxfg\ hgo'4sf] k|lqmofdf cl3 a9\g / To;nfO{ ljsl;t ug{ ;lsb}gYof] .To;}u/L zflGt k|lqmofdf cfPotf k|r08afa'/fddf ljBdfg unt lrGtg / k|j[lQsf lj?4 ;+3if{rnfpFb}cfpg],nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf]:yfkgf eO;s]sf]l:yltdf hgtfsf];+3Lo u0ftGq, /fli6o :jfwLgtfsf]/Iff, hgljb|f]xsf]tof/L nufotsf lg0f{ox? lng]/ kf6L{nfO{b+lIf0fkGyL cj;/jfbL lbzfdf hfgaf6 /f]Sg]tyf ?kfGt/0f ug{]tkm{ljz]if hf]8 lbOPsf]lyof].

s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf sltko ;b:ox?sf] wf]aL3f6df @)^* c;f/ $ df ;+kGg e]nf ;fd"lxs g]t[Tjk|0ffnLsf] k'gM :yfkgf ug]{ / d"n g]t[Tjdf gf]s/zfxL Psflwsf/jfbL k|j[lQ k|efjL /lxcfPsf]df To;sf lj?4j}rfl/s ;+3if{rnfO{?kfGt/0fsf]k|lqmofnfO{cufl8 a9fpFb}gofF9+usf]kf6L{lgdf{0f ug]{p2]Zodf cfwfl/t lyof].oBlk ;f]e]nfsf]To;k|sf/sf]p2]Zo xfl;n ug{;lsPg . k/Gt', dWokGyL tyf blIf0fkGyL cj;/jfbnfO{;xL9+un]klxrfg ug{/ To; k|sf/sf k|j[lQx?sf]lj/f]wdf cfjZos kxn lng qmflGtsf/L kIf ;kmn /x\of].

k|r08 tyf afa'/fdf/f b]z, hgtf, qmflGt / ;j{xf/f cGt/f{li6otfjfbk|lt uDeL/ ljZjf;3ft u/L kf6L{

/ qmflGtnfO{ lj;h{g ub}{ uPsf] jt{dfg l:yltdf dfS;{jfbn]lggjfbdfcf]jfbsf] em08f p7fpFb} cufl8 a9\g]k|lqmofdf qmflGtsf/L kIfaf6 pNn]vgLo e"ldsf lgjf{x ub}{cfpg]sfd ePsf]5 .-`_ dxfg\hgo4sf ;dLIff


12/22

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g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] g]t[Tjdf @)%@ ;fn kmfu'g ! ut] kxn ul/Psf] dxfg\hgo'4g]kfnL hgjfbL qmflGt tyf g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf] Oltxf;df Ps dxfg\ kl/36gf xf] . g]kfndf;j{xf/fju{sf] g]t[Tjdf ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfb tyf lj:tf/jfbsf lj?4 gofFhgjfbL u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf ub}{;dfhjfb / ;fDojfbsf]lbzfdf cufl8 a9\gsf nflu dxfg\hgo'4sf]kxn ul/Psf]lyof]. of]hgo'4 /0fgLlts/Iffaf6 ;Gt'ngsf] l:yltdf ljsl;t xF'b} ;ft l8lehg;Dd hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f, dhb'/ls;fgPstfsf cfwf/df dlxnf, hghflt, blnt, dw];L, d'l:nd;lxt b'u{d tyf ljs6 If]qsf hgtfsf];xeflutfdf

b]zsf /f]Nkf, ?s'd nufotsf ljzfn u|fdL0f If]qx?df cfwf/Onfsf tyf hg;/sf/sf] lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofl;t}cufl8 a9]sf]lyof]. /f]Nkf nufotsf sltko lhNnfx?df hgsDo'g,hg ;xsf/L ;+:yf, c:ktfn cflbsf]:yfkgful/Psf] lyof] . kf6L{, hj; tyf df]rf{sf sfdx? k|efjsf/L 9+un] ljsl;t x'Fb}uPsf lyP . of]dxfg\hgo'4g]kfnL dfq xf]Og ljZjsf ;j{xf/f tyf pTkLl8t hg;d'bfosf]cfzf / pHHjn eljiosf]s]Gb| ag]sf] lyof] .xfdLn]g]kfnnfO{ljZj qmflGtsf]cfwf/Onfsf;Dd eGg k'u]sf lyof}+ . oL dxfg\hgo'4sf ljlzi6 k|sf/sf d"nP]ltxfl;s pknlAw x'g\/ xfdL hgo'4sf o; k|sf/sf pknlAwx?sf]hudf 6]s]/ cufl8 a9\g'kb{5 .

k/Gt', b'Mvsf]s'/f s]5 eg]l:ylt ToxL /x]g . kf6L{leqsf]k|r08afa'/fd kIff/f b]zLo bnfn k'FhLkltju{tyf lj:tf/jfbl;t ckljq ;fF7ufF7 sfod ub{}b]z, hgtf / ljZj ;j{xf/fju{k|lt u+eL/ ljZjf;3ft u/Lhgo'4sf] cGTo ePsf] 3f]if0ff ul/of] . hgsDo'g nufotsf ;+:yfx?sf] ;+/If0f ul/Pg, of] u+eL/ lj8Dagf /lrGtfsf]ljifo xf].

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blIf0fkGyL gj;zfwgjfbaf/]xfdLn]dfly ljleGg ;dodf lnOPsf kf6L{sf gLlt tyf lg0f{o, sfo{lbzf, b'O{nfOg l;+3if{/ hgo'4af/];+lIfKtdf h'g ;dLIff uof}+ca To;sf];}4flGts, /fhgLlts tyf ;f+u7lgs ?kdf ;+Zn]if0f ug{cfjZos 5 .

gj;+zf]wgjfbsf d"n kfq k|r08 / afa'/fd x'g\ . Oltxf;sf]Ps lglZrt sfnv08 / hgo'4sf] PslglZrt cjlwdf k|r08af6 ;sf/fTds e"ldsf lgjf{x ul/Pklg hgo'4s}csf]{ Ps lglZrt sfnv08df pgdfcj;/jfbL tyf clehft juL{o lrGtg k|an aGb} uof] . o;f] x'g'df k|r08 :jo+df ljBdfg lgDg k'FhLjfbLdfgl;stf, e"d08nLs[t aGb}uPsf];fd|fHojfbsf]k|efj, cfkm}n]g]t[Tj u/]sf]vf/f kmf}hL sf/jfxL nufotsf36gfdf b]lvPsf] k/fho, bfz{lgs ?kdf ljsl;t x'Fb} uPsf] ;f/;+u|xjfbL tyf ju{;dGjojfbL lrGtg cflbsf/0fn] sfd u/]sf 5g\ . Oltxf;sf] Ps lglZrt sfnv08df afa'/fdf/f klg qmflGt / kf6L{k|lt ;sf/fTdse"ldsf lgjf{x ul/Psf] lyof] . k/Gt'kl5Nnf];dodf pgdf uDeL/ k|sf/sf ljrng k}bf ePsf 5g\ . o;sfk5fl8 qmflGtsf/L ju{;+3if{sf] cg'ejsf] sdL, lgDgk'FhLjfbL af}l4s dfgl;stf, lj:tf/jfbl;tsf] nfdf] ;+;u{cflb kl/j]z, lrGtgsf]If]qdf cg'ejjfb, Jojxf/jfb tyf ax'njfbsf]k|efj nufotsf sf/0fx?n] sfd u/]sf5g\.

k|r08afa'/fdsf aLr Pstf / ;+3if{b'j}/lxcfPsf]5 . of];+3if{Psflt/ nfjf a}7s;Dd cfpFbf Pp6fpTsif{df k'Uof]eg]csf]{lt/ r'g'jf a}7sdf b'j}sf aLr Ps?ktf sfod eof]. k|r08n]afa'/fdsf]nf]stflGqsu0ftGqsf]/fhgLlts sfo{lbzf / afa'/fdn]k|r08sf]g]t[Tj :jLsf/ u/]. r'gjfb]lv clxn];Dd cfpFbf oL b'O{sfaLr g]t[Tj nufot sltko ;f+u7lgs k|Zgdf ljjfb tyf lrGtgut If]qdf hf]8 Pjd\sf]0fdf b'j}sf aLr s]xLleGgtf b]vfk/]klg sfo{lbzfsf]If]qdf d"ntM Ps?ktf kfOG5 . k|r08 / afa'/fddf nfdf];dob]lv h'g untlrGtg / k|j[lQsf]ljsf; x'Fb}cfPsf]5 Tof]blIf0fkGyL gj;+zf]wgjfb g}xf].

blIf0fkGyL lj;h{gjfbjf/] n]lgg eGg'x'G5 lj;h{gjfb eg]sf] kf6L{ a'l4hLjLx?sf] Pp6f ;d"xf/fcl:tTjzLn ?;L ;fdflhs hgjfbL >lds kf6L{sf]lj;h{g ug]{/ s'g}klg d"Nodf sfg'gL ?kdf v's'nf]k|sf/sf]

;d"xut ultljlwf/f kf6L{sf]sfo{qmd, sfo{gLlt / k/Dk/fsf]kl/Tofu ug]{Ps k|of; xf].(Lenin Collectedworks vol 17, p. 460, Progress Publishers Moscow 1977) . n]lgg lj;h{gjfbsf ykljz]iftfaf/]cufl8 eGg'x'G5 ;fFRr}, lj;{hgjfb ljrf/wf/fTds ?kdf ljZjf;3ft, sfo{qmd tyf sfo{gLltsf]kl/Tofu / cj;/jfbl;t hf]l8Psf] 5 . -Lenin Collected works vol 19, p.151, ProgressPublishers Moscow 1980 . To:t} lj;h{gjfb af/] n]lgg cem cufl8 eGg'x'G5lj;h{gjfbsf] cy{;j{xf/fju{sf]k'/fgf]kf6L{sf]lj36g / ljgfz dfq xf]Og, o;sf]cy{a'h'{jf ljrf/f/f ;j{xf/fju{sf]:jtGqtfsf]ljgfz / ju{r]tgfsf]e|i6Ls/0f klg xf]. -pQm, p.155_ . lj;h{gjfbsf ljz]iftfaf/]k|:t't n]lggsf oL ljrf/ljz]if Wofglbg of]Uo 5g\/ k|r08 afa'/fddf log} ljz]iftf kfOG5g\.

k|r08afa'/fddf ljBdfg ;}4flGts ljz]iftf / k|j[lQnfO{d"ntM tLg efudf ljeflht u/]/ k|:t't ug{;lsG5, tL x'g\ blIf0fkGyL lj;h{gjfb, juL{o cfTd;dk{0fjfb / /fli6o cfTd;dk{0fjfb . oL tLg cf]6}

ljz]iftfx? Ps}7fpFdf /fv]/ x]bf{o; k|j[lQ jf wf/fnfO{blIf0fkGyL gj;+zf]wgjfb eGg'pko'Qm x'G5 . zf:qLotyf cfw'lgs ;+zf]wgjfbn] GfTds tyf P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfb, ju{;+3if{, qmflGtdf ank|of]usf] e"ldsf,


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;j{xf/fju{sf] clwgfosTj nufotsf dfS;{jfbsf cfwf/e"t dfGotfsf] v'n} kl/Tofu tyf tf]8df]8 ub{5 eg]gj;+zf]wgjfbn] cToGt} 5b\d ?kdf h8;"qjfbsf] lj/f]w / dfS;{jfbsf] l;h{gfTds k|of]u Pjd\ qmflGtsf]df}lnstfsf] axfgf agfP/ l7s ToxL sfd ub{5 . dfS;{jfbsf] l;h{gfTds ljsf;sf] gfddf dfS;{jfbsf];f/tTjsf]ckx/0f ug'{gj;+zf]wgjfbsf]d"n ljz]iftf xf].

k|r08afa'/fddf kfOg]ljrngsf ljz]iftfx?nfO{o;/L k|:t't ug{;lsG5 .-s_ l;4fGtsf Ifq

;+zf]wgjfbsf] juL{o cfwf/ lgDgk'FhLjfb xf] . cfhsf] o'udf ;+zf]wgjfb ;fd|fHojfb;+u cleGg ?kdfufFl;Psf] 5 . cGttM ;+zf]wgjfb eg]sf] k'FhLjfbs} Pp6 ?k xf] . ;}4flGts ?kdf eGg'kbf{ ;+zf]wgjfb bz{g,/fhLlts cy{zf:q / j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf]e|i6Ls/0fdf cfwfl/t /x]sf]x'G5 .

l;4fGtsf] lj;h{gsf d"n d'2f / s8Lsf ?kdf k|r08f/f k|:t't PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf]hgjfb tyfr'gjf a}7sdf lnOPsf] nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] /fhgLlts /0fgLlt, ;fd|fHojfbsf] ljZn]if0f / afa'/fdf/flnlvt cfhsf]dfS;{jfb cflbnfO{lng ;lsG5 . afa'/fd lnlvtcfhsf]dfS;{jfb-/ftf]lemNsf]q}dfl;s jif{!, c+s !, h'nfO{;]K6]Da/ @))(_ df dfS;{jfbsf] k'gM:yfkgfsf] s'/f p7fP/ dfS;{jfbsf] u+eL/ tf]8df]8 ug]{k|of; ul/Psf]5 . ;f]n]vdf qmflGtdf an k|of]usf]e"ldsf, ;j{xf/f ju{sf]clwgfosTj h:tf cxd\dxTjsf;}4flGts ljifonfO{vf/]h ug]{ k|of; ul/Psf]b]lvG5 . ;fy}, ;f]n]vdf Psflt/ hgjfbL qmflGtsf]sfo{lbzfsf]pNn]v ubf{/fli6otf / hgjfbsf]k|ZgnfO{k/:k/ cnUofP/ x]g]{sfd ul/Psf]5 eg]csf]{lt/ :tflngsf]lj/f]w /6f6\:sLsf] kIf lnOPsf] 5 . o;}u/L k|r08sf] qmde\u -jif{!, c@, sflt{s @)^*_ df /fhgLltssfo{lbzfsf]If]qdf ljBdfg lj;h{gjfbsf]pTsif{nfO{:ki6;+u b]Vg ;lsG5 .

kf6L{sf]kyk|bz{s l;4fGtsf ?kdf dfS;{jfbn]lggjfbdfcf]jfb dfGb}cfPsf]df kf6L{Pstfsf]k|lqmofdfdfcf]jfbdfcf]ljrf/nfO{:jLsf/ ul/Psf] 5 . kbfjnL k|of]uaf/] l56}lgisif{df k'Ug]eg]sf]df To;af/]cfn6fnug]{sfd ePsf]5 . o;af6 dfcf]jfbsf] cf]h / pFrfOdf cToGt}gsf/fTds k|efj k/]sf]5 . To:t} @! cf}+ztfAbLsf]hgjfbdf ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfb lj/f]wL /fhgLlts zlQmsf aLr hgjfbL k|lt:kwf{ug]{elgPsf]dfgofFhgjfbnfO{lj;h{g ub}{u}/hgjfbL tyf u}/b]zeQm zlQmx?l;t cyf{t\bnfn, gf]s/zfx Pjd\;fdGtjfbLkIfl;t ;xdlt sfdo u/L ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{sf]k|0ffnLnfO{:jLsf/ ul/Psf]5 .

o;/L x]bf{ l;4fGtsf] kl/Tofusf] k|Zg bz{gsf] If]qdf ;f/;+u|xjfb, Psdgfjfb, ax'njfb tyf eF8'jfljsf;jfbsf] canDag, /fhgLlts cy{zf:qsf] If]qdf ;fd|fHojfbk/:t tyf ju{;dGjojfbL ju{ljZn]if0f /

j}1flgs ;dfhjfbsf] If]qdf PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLsf] hgjfb tyf nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] /0fgLlt cflbdfgj;+zf]wgjfb cleJoQm ePsf]b]Vg ;lsG5 .-v_ bzgsf Ifq

bz{gsf] If]qdf k|r08df Psdgfjfb / ;f/;+u|xjfbsf ljz]iftfsf kfOG5g\eg]afa'/fddf cg'ejjfb /ax'njfbsf . Psdgfjfb eg]sf]cfbz{jfbL c}tjfb xf]. o;n]lj/f]wLx? jf leGgdtsf]cl:tTj :jLsf/ ub}{g /cfkm}nfO{;j]{;jf{7fGb5 . ;f/;+u|xjfb cjnDag ug'{k|r08sf]d"ne"t ljz]iftf xf]. ;f/;+u|xjfb eg]sf]ljleGgcgd]n ljrf/, l;4fGt, k|j[lQ / lrGtgnfO{Ps}7fpFdf 3fnd]n kfg'{xf]. k|r08f/f ju{;+3if{/ b'O{nfOg ;+3if{sf]If]qdf lg/Gt/ ;f/;+u|xjfbsf] k|of]u ub}{ cfpg] sfd ePsf] 5 . ;f/;+u|xjfbLx?af/] n]lgg eGg'x'G5;f/;+u|xjfbLx? of t c;+:s[t -Uncultured_ dflg; x'g\ of w"t{ -Cunning_ . -Lenin Collectedworks vol 38, p.302, Progress Publishers Moscow 1981_ . k|r08df ;f/;+u|xjfbsf oL

ljz]iftf k|an ?kdf kfOG5g\ . k|r08df Psflt/ dfS;{jfb / k|ltlqmofjfbnfO{ Pp6} 7fpFdf ld;fpg] lrGtgkfOG5 eg]csf]{lt/ hfnem]n ug]{oL ;f/;+u|xjfbsf ljz]iftf x'g\. cg'ejjfbn]l;4fGtsf]dxTjnfO{c:jLsf/ub{5 . To;n] b}lgs cg'ej jf Jojxf/nfO{ ;a} yf]s 7fGb5 . ax'njfb GfTds ef}ltssjfbL PsLs[tljZjb[li6sf]0fsf] lj/f]wL x'G5 . To;n] htftt} ax'ntf jf leGgtf dfq b]Vt5 / ljljwtfaLr Ps?ktf b]Vg;St}g . afa'/fddf log} ljz]iftf kfOG5g\ . cGTodf b'j}df Pp6f ;dfg ljz]iftf b]vf kb{5, Tof] xf] eF8'jfljsf;jfb . eF8'jf ljsf;jfb eg]sf]qmflGt, u'0ffTds 5nf jf qmdesf]lj/f]wdf ;'wf/jfb, dGbult jf dfqfdf;Lldt /xg'/ zflGtk"0f{kl/jt{gdf dfq ljZjf; ug'{xf].-u_ qmflGtsf/L /fhgLlt / sfo{lbzfsf Ifq

Pp6f cGtjf{tf{df k|r08f/f gofF hgjfbL qmflGt / ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf]e]b w]/}g}d]l6b}5 eGg]s'/fatfpFb} elgPsf] 5ca gofF hgjfbL qmflGtsf] afFsL sfo{ef/ -s]xL sfo{ef/ t xfdLn] k'/f u/]s} xf]_ /

;dfhjfbL qmflGt k"0f{ug]{/0fgLlt Pp6}df cfP/ s]lGb|t ePsf]5 eGg]lgisif{lt/ hfG5 . Ps}rf]6L gofFhgjfbLqmflGt ;sf}+clg To;kl5 ;dfhjfbL qmflGt eGg]lt/ eGbf gofFhgjfbL qmflGtsf afFsL sfo{ef/ / hgljb|f]x,;z:q ljb|f]xf/f ;dfhjfbL qmflGt k"0f{ug]{s'/f Pp6}df cfP/ s]lGb|t ePsf]5 . -qmde, jif{!, c@, sflt{s


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@)^*, k[=!!_ . o; egfOaf6 gofFhgjfbL qmflGtsf] sfo{qmd tyf sfo{lbzfsf] kl/Tofu ul/Psf] s'/f :ki6b]lvG5 . gofF hgjfbL qmflGtdf b'O{ d'Vo sfo{ef/ x'G5g\ ;j{xf/fju{sf] g]t[Tjdf hgtfsf]hgjfbL /fHo;Qfsfod ug'{/ /fli6o :jfwLgtfsf]cfGbf]ngnfO{;kmn t'Nofpg' . oL b'j}sfo{ef/ k"/f gu/L hgjfbL qmflGt k"/fx'Fb}uPsf]b]Vg', gofFhgjfbL tyf ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf]e]b w]/}d]l6b}+uPsf]s'/f atfpg' / b'O{ leGg r/0fdf;DkGg x'g]qmflGtsf /0fgLlt Pjd\sfo{gLltnfO{Pp6}df ld;fpg vf]Hg'/fhgLlts ?kdf ;+;bjfb / bfz{lgs?kdf ;f/;+u|xjfbsf]cToGt}e2f Pjd\ljs[t gd'gf xf].

-3_ hgo4 / hgdlQm ;gf gkfnsf lj;hgsf kZg

lj:t[t zflGt ;+emf}tfdf @)%@ ;fn b]lv ;+rflnt hgo'4sf]kl/0ffdd'vL /fhgLlts lgisif{ lagf cGToePsf] 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L g]kfnL ;]gf kl/rfng u/L SofG6f]gd]G6df /x]sf] hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnsf]cl:tTjnfO{;dfKt kfg]{, To;sf]lgz:qLs/0f ug]{/ To;nfO{lj;h{g ug]{sfd ul/Psf]5 . g]kfnL gofFhgjfbLqmflGt / sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf]Oltxf;df oL b'O{kl/36gfnfO{cToGt}lgGbgLo kl/36gfsf ?kdf lng'kb{5 .;fy}, oL kl/36gfnfO{b]zL tyf ljb]zL k|ltlqmofjfbLx?l;t ul/Psf]ju{;dGjojfbL ;fF7ufF7 tyf ;+emf}tfjfbsf]k/fsfi7fsf ?kdf k|:t't ug{;lsG5 .-_ kf6L ;u7gsf lj;h{g

zflGt k|lqmofdf cfP otf kf6L{sf] qmflGtsf/L cf]h / ul/dfnfO{ Wj:t kfb}{ n}hfg] sfd ePsf] 5 .qmflGtsf sfo{ef/ k'/f gub{}kf6L{nfO{k"/}v'nf / j}wflgstfjfbL jgfOPsf]5 . juL{o / j}rfl/s ?kdf kf6L{sf]k"/}

aGWofs/0f x'Fb}uO/x]sf]5 . kf6L{df cj;/jfbLx?sf]k|e'Tj sfod ePsf]5 / qmflGtsf/Lx?nfO{b'?T;flxt Pjd\ckdflgt ul/Psf]5 . Pstfsf]k|lqmofdf qmflGtsf/L sDo'lgi6x?sf]sd / ljzfn ;+Vofdf cj;/jfbLx?sf]k|j]zePsf]5 . s]Gb|Lo ;ldltdf cj;/jfbLx?sf]ax'dt / qmflGtsf/Lx?sf]cNkdt agfOPsf]5 .

kf6L{df ;fd"lxs ?kdf lg0f{o ug]{k4ltnfO{vf/]h ub}{hfg]/ ;fd"lxs ?kdf lnOPsf lg0f{ox?nfO{k"/}nTofpg]sfd x'Fb}cfPsf] 5 . kf6L{df k|r08afa'/fdsf] ldn]dtf]df cfwf/Onfsf tyf hg;/sf/x?sf] lj36gPjd\hgo'4sf]cGTosf]3f]if0ff ul/Psf]5 / of];du|k|lqmofdf s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt ;lxt ;d:t kf6L{sd/]8x?sf]hgjfbL clwsf/nfO{ k"0f{tM cj1f ul/Psf] 5 . kf6L{leq cfTdfcfnf]rgf / cfnf]rgfsf] k4ltnfO{ k"/} ;dfKtkfl/Psf]5 . kf6L{leq sfo{stf{sf]cfFvfdf 5f/f]xfNgsf nflu cfrf/;+lxtf agfOG5, k/Gt'To;nfO{sfof{GjogdfNofpg]af/]d"n g]t[Tj ;b}j pbf;Lg b]lvg]ub{5 . kf6L{nfO{efOef/bf/x?sf]hd36 agfpg]sfd eO/x]sf]5 . oL;a}s'/faf6 s] :ki6 x'G5 eg] k|r08 afa'/fdaf6 Pp6f qmflGtsf/L kf6L{sf] / abNg] / To;nfO{ blIf0fkGyLcj;/jfbL kf6L{df abNg]sfd ul/Psf]5 .-r_ juL{o cfTd;dk0fjfb

k|ltlqmofjfbsf lj?4sf] ;+3if{df ljrf/wf/f, l;4fGt, /fhgLlt / dhb'/, ls;fg nufotsf ju{ /hg;d'bfosf xs, lxt;+u ;DalGwt ljifodf ;j{xf/f juL{o c8fg 5f]8\g'/ k|ltlqmofjfb;+u 3'F8f 6]St}hfg'juL{ocfTd;dk{0fjfb xf] . o; k|sf/sf]juL{o cfTd;dk{0fjfb Pssf]b'O{df ljefhg xf]Og b'O{sf]Psdf ;+of]hgsf]ju{;dGjojfbL bfz{lgs dfGotfdf cfwfl/t /x]sf] 5 . k|r08afa'/fdf/f k|ltlqmofjfbL tyf cj;/jfbLzlQmx?;+u h]h:tf ;xdlt / ;Demf}tf ul/Psf 5g\, tL ;a}d"ntM juL{o cfTd ;dk{0fjfbsf cleJolQm x'g\ .k|r08afa'/fdf/f ;j{xf/f ju{sf ;fy}pTkLl8t hg;d'bfosf xslxtk|lt ljZjf;3ft / k|ltlqmofjfbsf];]jfdf;dk{0f ug]{gLlt clVtof/ ul/Fb}cfPsf]s'/f ;':ki6 5 .-5_ /fli6o cfTd;dk0fjfb

k|r08 / afa'/fddf nfdf];dob]lv /fli6o cfTd;dk{0fjfbL lrGtg ljsl;t x'Fb}cfPsf]b]lvG5 . r'gjf

a}7sdf ;fd|fHojfbsf]ljZn]if0f ug]{a]nfb]lv clxn];;Dd cfpFbf To;k|sf/sf]lrGtg Ps pTsif{df k'u]sf]b]vfkb{5 . ;f];d"xaf6 Psflt/ ljb]zL ax'/fli6o sDkgL, j}blzs nufgL Pjd\bnfn gf]s/zfxL k'FhLnfO{k|>o lbg]ljw]osx? ;bgdf Nofpg], laKkf h:tf]/fi63ftL ;+emf}tf ug]{sfd x'Fb} cfPsf]5 eg]csf]{lt/ /fli6o :jfwLgs[lif tyf cf}Bf]lus cy{tGqsf]ljsf; ug]{s'/fdf k6Ss}Wofglbg]sfd ePsf]5}g . dflyNnf]s0ff{nL, c?0f t];|f]nufotsf lgof{td"ns hnljB't kl/of]hgfx?nfO{lj:tf/jfbnfO{;'Dkg]sfd ul/Psf]5 . Tolt dfq xf]Og, utkmfu'g dlxgfsf]klxnf];ftfdf g]kfnef/t b'O{kIfsf]dGqL :t/Lo a}7sdf ;LdfjtL{bzuhf If]qsf ;a}7fpFdfef/tf/f t6aGw nufpg kfpg], k~r]Zj/ kl/of]hgfnfO{cufl8 a9fpg]/ sf]zL pRr afFw agfpg]k|lqmofdf klghfg]h:tf /fi63ftL bz a'Fb];xdlt ul/Psf]5 . o;sf ;fy}cGt/f{li6o ladfg:ynsf]Joj:yfkg / ;'/Iffsf]lhDd]jf/L klg ef/tLo sDkgLx?nfO{;'Dkg]if8\oGq eO/x]sf]5 .

k|wfg cGtlj{/f]wsf ;DaGwdf afa'/fdaf6 lj:tf/jfbl;tsf]cGtlj{/f]wnfO{uf}0f agfpg]sfd x'Fb}cfPsf]

5 eg] csf]{lt/ k|r08af6 klg To;} cg'?k hfg] sfd x'Fb} cfPsf] b]lvG5 . ef/taf6 gjcf}klgj]lzs 9n]/fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:slts x/]s If]qdf x:tIf]k a9fpFb}cfpg]sfd eO/x]sf]df To;sf] lj/f]wdfaf]Ng] / ;g\!(%) nufotsf c;dfg ;lGw;+emf}tfx? vf/]h ug]{af/]s'g}klg kxn ul/Psf]kfOGg . oxfFg]/


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cToGt} u+eL/ s'/f s] 5 eg] s]xL ;do cufl8 b lxGb' klqsfdf lbOPsf] cGtjf{tf{df k|r08f/f g]kfnsf]ef/tl;t ljz]if ;DaGw x'g]s'/f atfpFb}ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf]rfs/L ug]{sfd ePsf]5 .-h_ ;ljwfg lgdf0fsf kZgdf kf6Llg0fosf kl/Tofu

kf6L{f/f ;fdGtjfb tyf ;fd|fHojfb lj/f]wL ;f/tTj ePsf] hgtfsf] ;+3Lo u0ftGqdf cfwfl/t;+ljwfgsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ / To;df juL{o, hftLo, n}ls nufotsf ;d:ofsf];dfwfg ug]{, klxrfgsf cfwf/df/fHosf] k'gM ;+/rgf ug]{ nufotsf s}of}+ dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{ox? lnO+b} cfPsf] s'/f ;':k6 5 . k/Gt' k|r08

afa'/fdf/f kf6L{df lnOPsf o;k|sf/sf lg0f{ox? / ltgdf cleJoQm kf6L{c8fgsf]kl/Tofu ug]{sfd ePsf]5 .o; k|Zgdf ;fdGtL Psflwsf/jfb, oyfl:yltjfb / ;+;bjfbsf]ef;df kmF:t}hfg]sfd ePsf]5 . oxfFs]s'/fljz]if :d/0fLo 5 eg] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofdf ;+3Lotfsf] k|Zgdf k|r08f/f g]sf tyf Pdfn]nufotsfzlQm l;t ckljq u7aGwg sfod u/L klxrfg tyf gfdfg ljxLg P3f/ k|b]zsf]cjwf/0ffdf ;xdlt sfodul/Psf] lyof] . k/Gt', xfd|f] kIf;lxt cGo kIfsf ;ef;bx?f/f ;f] cjwf/0ffsf] lj/f]wdf cTolws ax'dtdfcfwfl/t x:tfIf/ cleofg ;~rfng ul/Pkl5 k|r08;lxt ;f]u7aGwg k5fl8 xRsg afWo ePsf]lyof]. ljlrqs'/f s]5 eg]To;k|sf/sf]lbgsf]3fd hlQs}5n+ oyfy{nfO{tf]8d/f]8 u/L k|r08f/f cfkm"nfO{klxrfg ;lxt;+3Lotfsf]lxdfotL b]vfpg]w[i6tf ul/Psf]5 . h'g uf]?sf]l;+u 5}g p;sf]gfd ltv]eg]sf]7Ls oxL xf].-em_ ;jxf/f juL{o cfly{s tyf ;f:s[lts cfr/0fsf kl/Tofu

k|r08afa'/fddf juf]{Tyfg, clehft juL{o lrGtg Pjd\;+:s[lt ljsl;t x'Fb}cfPsf]5 . b'j}af6 ;j{xf/f

juL{o cfly{s tyf ;f+:s[lts cfr/0fsf]kl/Tofu / e|i6frf/ Pj+sldzgvf]/Lsf]sLlt{dfg sfod ul/Psf]5 .k|r08af6 kf6L{df cfly{s k|0ffnL / kf/blz{tfnfO{ ltnf~hln lb+b}cfpg]sfd ePsf]5 . ca e|i6 / clehftjuL{o cfly{s tyf ;f+:s[lts klxrfg g}k|r08 / afa'/fdsf]jf:tljs klxrfg aGg uPsf]5 .

pQm ;a} s'/fsf cfwf/af6 s] :ki6 x'G5 eg] k|r08afa'/fd u+eL/ k|sf/sf] gj;+zf]wgjfbL ef;dfpDsg}g;Sg]u/L kmF:g k'u]sf 5g\/ o;k|sf/sf]gj;+;f]wgjfbl;t lg0ff{os ;DaGw ljR5]b gul/sg / To;sflj?4 b[9tfk"j{s ljrf/wf/fTds ;+3if{grnfOsg kf6L{/ qmflGtsf sfdnfO{sbflk cufl8 a9fpg ;lsb}g .

;fy}, oxfFg]/ xfd|f] s] wf/0ff klg 5 eg] o; ;d"xl;t b]z / hgtfsf] kIfdf ;xdt x'g ;Sg]ljifox?af/] ;+jfb / ;xsfo{ x'g ;Sg]5 . o; cltl/St ljutsf ljrng, uNtL, sdL tyf sdhf]/Lx?k|ltOdfGbf/L Pjd\ uDeL/tfk"j{s cfTdfnf]rs ag]df, dfS;{jfbn]lggjfbdfcf]jfb tyf gofF hgjfbL u0ftGqsf]sfo{qmd tyf sfo{lbzfk|lt b[9 k|lta4tf hfx]/ u/]df / Jojxf/tM ?kfGtl/t ePsf] l:yltdf o; ;d"xl;tPstfsf nflu 9f]sf v'nf /xg]5 .%

kf6L Pstf, km"6 jf ;aGwljR5bsf kZg

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kf6L{ Pstf / km"6af/] cToGt} e|d k}bf x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . Pstf / km'6af/] P+u]N; eGg'x'G5 Pstfsf]gf/faf6 xfdL e|ddf kg'{x'Fb}g . h'g dflg;sf d'vaf6 of]zAb ;a}eGbf a9L ;'Gg kfOG5 ltgn]g};a}eGbf a9Lkm"6sf]lap /f]lk/x]sf 5g\. o;};Gbe{df pxfFcem}cufl8 eGg'x'G5;a}eGbf a9L ;+ls0f{tfjfbL / ;a}eGbf a9Lukmf:6s tyf abdf;x?n]s]xL vf; cj;/df ;a}eGbf a9L 3f]qmf] k'mnfpFb} lrRofP/ Pstfsf] b'xfO{ lbG5g\ .xfdLnfO{ cfkm\gf] lhGbuLdf Pstfsf] u'xf/ dRrfpg]x? eGbf a9L s;}n] x}/fg kf/]sf] 5}g / g c? s'g}logLx?eGbf a9L wf]s]afh ;flat ePsf] 5 . -dfS;{P+u]N; ;+slnt /rgfP+, v08@ efu@, k[= @$^,k|ultk|sfzg df:sf]!(&&_ . P]N;f/f nf;fnjfbLx?sf lj?4sf];+3if{df k|:t't oL egfOx? jt{dfg g]kfnL ;Gbe{dfklg ljz]if Wofglbg of]Uo 5g\.

o;}u/L Pstfaf/] n]lgg eGg'x'G5 Pstf w]/} /fd|f] s'/f xf] / Pstf w]/} /fd|f] gf/f xf] . k/Gt',dhb'/x?sf]p2]Zosf nflu h'g j:t'cfjZos 5 Tof]dfS;{jfbLx?sf]Pstf xf]g ls dfS;{jfbLx? / dfS;{jfbsf]lj/f]w tyf To;nfO{ljs[t ug]{x?l;tsf]Pstf .-cGt{/fli6o sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ng sL Pstf, k[=@#, k|ult k|sfzgdf:sf], !(^&_ . lj;h{gjfb nufotsf unt k|j[lQsf lj?4sf];+3if{df JoQm ul/Psf o;k|sf/sf ljrf/ cToGt}dxTjk"0f{/x]sf 5g\.

km"6jfbL sf] xf]< ;fdfGotM dflg;x? ;+alGwt ;+u7gaf6 cnlug', ax'dtsflj?4 cNkdt leGg x'g'nfO{km"6jfb jf km"6jfbL eGg] ub{5g\ . jf:tljs s'/f To;f] xf]Og . qmflGtsf/L ljrf/, l;4fGt, gLlt, sfo{gLlt,sfo{qmd tyf sfo{lbzf 5f]8\g'/ ;j{xf/fju{tyf hg;d'bfosf lxtk|lt ljZjf;3ft ug'{km"6jfb xf].


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km"6jfb, km"6jfbL jf km"6 k/:t tTjaf/]rLgsf]sDo'lgi6 kf6L{f/f ?;sf]sDo'lgi6 kf6L{nfO{k7fOPsf]kqdf elgPsf] 5M cflv/ km"6 k/:ttf s] xf] < To;sf] cy{ dfS;{jfbn]lggjfbaf6 km"6 xf], dfS;{jfbn]lggjfbsf]lj/f]w ug]{, To;k|lt ljZjf;3ft ug]{tyf ;j{xf/f PstfnfO{xfgLgf]S;fgL k'ofpg]tTj km"6 k/:ttTj xf].

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jf km'6k/:ttfsf]cy{s'g}kf6L{df ljBdfg ax'dtsf lj?4 cNkdt jf s'g}kIf cnu x'g' xf]Og . k'm6jfb jfkm'6k/:ttfsf]jf:tljs cy{;j{xf/f ju{sf]ljrf/, /fhgLlt / l;4fGtaf6 cnu x'g'jf km'6\g'g}xf].

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hgo'4sf]hu eGgfn]d'VotM oL s'/fnfO{a'em\g'kb{5M klxnf], hgd'lQm ;]gf g]kfnsf]lgdf{0f tyf o'4sf]k|lqmofdf xfl;n ul/Psf k|r'/ cg'ej, bf];|f], cfwf/ Onfsfx?sf]lgdf{0f tyf hg;/sf/x?sf];~rfng ubf{k|fKtePsf]1fg, t];|f], of] l;f]cjlwdf dhb'/, ls;fg, dlxnf, cflbjf;L hghflt, lk5l8Psf] If]q, blnt, dw]zL,d'l:nd nufotsf hgju{df ljsl;t Pjd\hful/t x'Fb}cfPsf]ju{r]tgf, hgr]tgf tyf hgfwf/, rf}yf}, dxfg\hgo'4sf]k|lqmofdf hgtf, hgd'lQm ;]gfsf of]4f, hgjuL{o tyf hftLo df]rf{Pjd\l;f]kf6L{k+lQmf/f k|:t'tTofu, jL/tf Pjd\alnbfgsf pTs[i6 ultljlwdf cfwfl/t cd"No cg'ej / kfFrf}, cGt/f{li6o If]q tyf efOrf/f;+u7gx?;+u ePsf cGt{lqmof, ;xsfo{Pjd\;xof]udf cfwfl/t lzIff . o;sf ;fy}ljleGg hgcfGbf]ng tyfju{;+3if{df xfl;n ul/Psf cg'ejaf6 k|fKt lzIff klg o; ;Gbe{df pNn]vgLo /x]sf 5g\ . xfdLn] oL ;a}kIfnfO{j}rfl/s ?kdf ;+Zn]lift u/L cfufdL sfo{lbzfsf]lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 .

qmflGtsf]k|lqmofdf cGt/f{li6o If]qdf ljZj;j{xf/f ju{n]qmflGtsf/L o'4sf d"ntM b'O{df]8]nsf] ljsf;u/]sf]5cljsl;t b]zx?sf ;Gbe{df bL3{sfnLg hgo'4sf]df]8]n / ljsl;t b]zx?df ;z:q ljb|f]xsf]df]8]n .bL3{sfnLg hgo'4sf]df]8]n cg'?k /Iff / ;Gt'ngsf] cj:yf kf/u/L k|Tofqmd0fsf]r/0fsf]clGtd laGb'df k'Ubf

;z:q ljb|f]xdf hfg ckl/xfo{x'g]s'/f :ki6 g}5 . g]kfndf hgo'4n]/Iff / ;Gt'ngsf]r/0fdf ljsl;t x'Fb}cufl8 a9]sf]l:yltdf tL cg'ej / lzIffsf]hudf xfdL cufl8 a9\g'cfjZos x'G5 . ;fy}, oxfFg]/ s'g s'/f klgljrf/0fLo 5 eg]g]kfnL qmflGt g]kfnL 9+un]g}df}lns ?kdf cufl8 a9\b5 .

xfdLn] bL3{sfnLg hgo'4 / ;z:q ljb|f]xsf] km\o'hg cyf{t\ ;+of]hgsf] s'/f ub}{ cfPsf 5f}+ . k/Gt'o;f]ubf{ Ps};fy b'O{ a]Unfa]Un} P]ltxfl;s ljlzi6tfdf cfwfl/t r/0f / kl/l:yltdf nfu' x'g] qmflGtsf leGglgodx?nfO{;f/;+u|xjfbL 9+un]k|of]u ug{x'Fb}g . o;af/]xfdL ;ts{aGg'kb{5 . ;fy}, oxfFg]/ s'g s'/fdf klgWofglbg h?/L 5 eg]cfjZos tof/L kZrft\klg hgljb|f]xdf hfg;lsg]pko'Qm kl/l:ylt tof/ gePdf jfj}b]lzs k|ltlqmofjfbL x:tIf]ksf]k|lt/f]w ug'{kg]{cj:yf b]vfk/]df bL3{sfnLg hgo'4df hfg'kg]{l:ylt cfpg klg;St5 of jf:tljs hLjgsf cg'ejsf cfwf/df qmflGtsf]t];|f]df]8]nsf]ljsf; ug'{kg]{cfjZostf klg k}bf x'g;St5 . ;du|df eGg'kbf{xfdLn]g]kfnL qmflGtnfO{l;h{gfTds Pjd\df}lns ?kdf cufl8 a9fpg'kb{5 .

kf6L{df nfdf] ;dob]lv b]zsf] /fhgLlts l:ylt oyfjt /x]df hgljb|f]xdf hfg] gLlt canDag ub}{cfpg]sfd ePsf] 5 . vl/kf6L a}7sdf kfl/t ;femf /fhgLlts k|ltj]bgdf hgljb|f]xnfO{ s]Gb|ljGb'df /fvL


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j}rfl/s, /fhgLlts, ;fFu7lgs, ;+3if{;DaGwL / k|fljlws tof/Lsf sfdx?nfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf cufl8 a9fpg]gLlt kfl/t ul/Psf]lyof]. To:t}kfn'6f/sf]s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf]5}7f}lj:tfl/t a}7ssf]k|lqmofdf ;DkGg s]Gb|Lo;ldltsf]a}7sdf kfl/t ;femf b:tfj]hdf elgPsf]lyof]hgtfsf];+3Lo u0ftGq cyf{t\hgu0ftGq :yfkgfsfnflu zflGt, ;+ljwfg / ;/sf/sf]df]rf{sf];+3if{sf ;fy};8ssf];+3if{nfO{k|fyldstf lb+b}rf/ tof/L / rf/cfwf/ lgdf{0f u/L hgljb|f]x ;+ul7t ug'{kb{5 eGg] gLlt :ki6 u/]sf] 5 .-;doa4, pQm, k[= (#, kfn'6f/a}7ssf];femf b:tfj]h_ .

olt dfq xf]Og, @)^* ;fn k';df3df ;DkGg s]Gb|Lo ;ldltsf] a}7sdf kfl/t ;femf /fhgLltsk|ltj]bg tyf k|:tfjdf elgPsf]5gofFhgjfbsf]/0fg}lts p2]Zo k|flKtsf lgldQ ;du|cGt/f{li6o / /fli6okl/l:ylt Pj+ju{zlQm ;Gt'ngsf]7f]; d"Nofgsf cfwf/df kf6L{n]hgtfsf];+3Lo u0ftGqnfO{cfhsf]cfkm\gf]d"n sfo{gLlt 7x/ u/]sf]5 . o;sf ;fy}/fli6o :jfwLgtfsf] /Iffsf] k|Zg klg sfo{gLltsf]Pp6f k|d'v ljifoaGb}cfPsf]5 . rf/ cfwf/ lgdf{0f / rf/ tof/L x'+b};8s, ;bg / ;/sf/af6 cfjZos kxn lnO{hgljb|f]x k'/fug]{gLlt klg kf6L{n]nfdf];dob]]lv ln+b}cfPsf]5 . xfd|f]kf6L{o;k|sf/sf]sfo{lbzf / sfo{gLltk|lt k|lta4 5 .To;}u/L ;f]xL k|:tfjdf cufl8 elgPsf] 5 hgtfsf] ;+3Lo u0ftGqdf cfwfl/t ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ug]{ /;Ddfghgs ?kdf ;]gf ;dfof]hg ;lxt zflGt k|lqmofnfO{tfls{s lgisif{df k'ofpg]sfddf hf]8 lb+bflb+b}klg;f]x'g g;s]df hgtfnfO{hgljb|f]xdf hfg]clwsf/ ePsf]s'/f :jtMl;4 5 .- kf6L{sf]tfTsflng sfo{of]hgf /sfo{qmdaf/]k|:tfj_ .

pQm ;a}s'/fx?dfly cfjZos Wofg lb+b}b]zsf]/fhgLlts l:ylt oyfjt}sfod /xL cu|ufdL /fhgLltslgsf; lg:sg g;s]df / /fli6otf, hgtGq tyf hghLjLsfsf cfwf/e"t ;d:ofx?sf];dfwfg ug]{tkm{WofgglbOPdf hgo'4sf]hudf hgljb|f]x dfkm{t\hgqmflGt ;DkGg ug]{sfo{lbzf cjnDag ug'{kb{5 / xfdLn]To;sf]tof/Ldf hf]8 lbg' cfjZos 5 . o;sf ;fy} j}wflgs ;+3if{sf ljljw ?kx?sf] k|of]u / cfjZostf cg';f/;+;bLo r'gfjx?sf]pkof]u ug{;lsg]s'/fk|lt klg xfdL ;}4flGts tyf /fhgLlts ?kdf :ki6 g}5f}+.

clxn] b]zsf] l:ylt lgs}cGof]nk"0f{5 . ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lj36g / csf]{ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf]3f]if0ff ul/Psf], ;+ljwfg ;ef tyf Joj:yflksf g/x]sf] hl6n / ;+s6k"0f{ 38Ldf b]zsf] cu|ufdL /fhgLltslgsf;sf]k|Zgdf ljz]if Wofglbg h?/L 5 . xfdL ca g]kfndf ;+ljwfg ;ef ;DaGwL n]lggjfbL dfGotfk|lt klg:ki6 x'g h?/L 5 . n]lggn] ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ sfo{gLltsf ?kdf lng'ePsf] lyof] . k/Gt', xfdL sxfF ca

;+ljwfg;ef /0fgLlt aGg k'u]sf] 5 . ;f/df eGg'kbf{ k'/fg} tl/sfsf] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] ;}4flGts cf}lrTo klg;dfKt eO;s]sf]5 . o;af/]l;f]kf6L{k+lQm / hg;d'bfonfO{:ki6 kfg{h?/L 5 .

xfd|f]d"n /fhgLlts sfo{gLlt hgtfsf];+3Lo u0ftGqsf]:yfkgf / b]zsf]/fli6o :jfwLgtfsf]/Iff ug'{g} xf] . k/Gt', tTsfn of] a]nf ;j{kIfLo uf]nd]r ;ef, cGtl/d /fli6o ;+o'Qm ;/sf/ / cu|ufdL /fhgLltslgsf;sf] tfTsflns sfo{gLlt cjnDjg ug{ h?/L 5 . ;j{kIfLo uf]nd]r ;ef b]zeQm, u0ftGqjfbL tyfjfdkGyL /fhgLlts bn, ;+3Lotf kIfw/ zlQm, dlxnf, hghflt, blnt, dw];L, d'l:nd, gful/s ;dfh cflbsf]k|ltlglwTjsf cfwf/df aGg'kb{5 . o;af/];DalGwt ;a}kIf;+u cfjZos ljrf/ ljdz{ u/L 7f]; ?kdf cufl8a9\g h?/L 5 . oxfFg]/ xfdL s'g s'/fdf :ki6 x'g cfjZos 5 eg] o;k|sf/sf] sfo{gLltnfO{ xfdLn] d"n/fhgLlts sfo{gLltsf]kl/k"/ssf ?kdf dfq u|x0fug'{kb{5 .

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hgju, dfrf / hglbzf ;aGwL sfd

g]kfnsf]Oltxf;sf lgdf{tf g]kfnL hgtf x'g\. g]kfn ax'hflt, ax'hft, ax'efiff, ax'wd{/ ax';+:s[ltdfcfwfl/t d"ntM d+uf]n / cfo{sf ;fy}cfUg]o Pjd\b|lj8 d"nsf dfgj ;d'bfosf];+ud xf] . pTkfbgsf] lglDt;+3if{/ ju{;+3if{sf]k|lqmofdf g]kfnn]slanft+qLo cj:yfb]lv bf;tfsf nIf0fx? ;lxt ;fdGtjfbL o'usf ljleGgljlzi6tfsf ;fy /fHo;Qfsf] s]Gb|Ls/0fsf] cj:yfdf k'Uof] . g]kfndf ;fdGtjfbL s]Gb|Ls/0fsf] k|lqmof cufl8a9\b}hfFbf ef/tdf pklgj]z sfod ug{;kmn c+u|]h ;fd|fHojfb;+u 6Ss/ lng'kg]{l:ylt k}bf eof] . g]kfnn]cToGt}jL/tf / zf}o{sf];fy b]zelQmsf]eLif0f n8fO{+n8\of]. k/Gt', cGttM ;fdGtjfbL ;Qfwf/L ju{sf aLrsf]lta|cGt{G / lj/f]wL zlQm ;}GoIfdtfsf b[li6n]k|an x'g'sf]sf/0f g]kfnn];'uf}nL ;lGw dfkm{t\c4{cf}klgj]lzs/ c4{;fdGtL cj:yfdf k|j]z ug{k'Uof] . of];du|k|lqmofdf ls;fg, b:tsf/, dlxnf, blnt, dw];L, cflbjf;Lhghflt nufotsf ju{ / ;d'bfosf hgtfn] ;fdGtjfbL lg/+s'z /fhtGqsf ;fy}kl5Nnf]sfndf /f0fftGqLo

zf]if0f, bdg / pTkL8gsf]lzsf/ aGb}cfpg'kof].


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/f0ffsfnsf] cGt;Dd cfpFbf s]xL pBf]uwGbfsf] ljsf;;+u} k'FhLklt / ;j{xf/fju{sf] klg pbo eof] .@))& ;fndf /f0ff zf;gsf]cGTo / ef/taf6 c+u|]h kmls{P kl5 ;g\!(%) df ef/tl;t c;dfg ;lGw ul/of]/g]kfn ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbL pTkL8gsf]lzsf/ aGb}cfPsf]5 .

g]kfn lg/+s'z /fhtGq, /f0ffzf;g, ax'bnLo zf;g, lg/+s'z k~rfotL Joj:yf / k'gM ax'bnLo zf;gJoj:yf x'Fb}cufl8 a9]sf]5 / o; k|lqmofdf g]kfnn]cg]sf}+hg;+3if{, ;z:q ;+3if{, hgcfGbf]ng, ju{;+3if{/ bz

jif{sf]dxfg\hgo'4sf aLraf6 u0ftGq, wd{lgk]Iftf / k|:tfljt ;+3Lotfsf]cj:yfdf k|j]z u/]sf]5 . k/Gt', b]zc4{cf}klgj]lzs tyf c4{;fdGtL ljz]iftf;lxt gjcf}klgj]lzs cj:yfdf g}/x]sf]5 .

g]kfnL hgtfn];fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfb tyf lj:tf/jfbsf lj?4 nfdf];dob]lv ;+3if{ub}{ cfPsf 5g\.dxfg\ hgo'4sf] k|lqmofdf ljzfn u|fdL0f If]qdf e"ldxLg, u/La tyf dWod juL{o ls;fg, blnt, dlxnf,cflbjf;Lhghflt, dw];L, d'l:nd, zx/L If]qdf dhb'/ tyf a'l4hLjL / b]zsf ;a}efudf lzIfs / ljBfyL{;d'bfosf]pNn]vgLo e"ldsf /lxcfPsf] 5 . o;}k|lqmofdf g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_sf]g]t[Tjdf g]kfnLhgtfn]hg;/sf/ dfkm{t\hg;Qf ;~rfngsf]cEof; klg u/]sf 5g\. zflGtk|lqmofdf cfP otf ;+ljwfg;efsf]lgjf{rgdf xfd|f] kf6L{nfO{ ;a}eGbf 7"nf kf6L{sf] :yfg k|bfg ug'{df ljzfn hg;d'bfo, hgjuL{o tyf hftLodf]rf{x?sf];d]t dxTjk"0f{e"ldsf /x]sf]5 .

cfhsf]o'u ;fd|fHojfb / ;j{xf/f qmflGtsf]o'u xf] . o; o'udf ju{b'Zdgsf lj?4sf]n8fOFdf ljZj;j{xf/fju{/ g]kfnL hg;d'bfon]klg cb\e"t k/fqmdsf ;fy hLt / xf/sf ljlzi6 cg'ej / lzIff xfl;n ub}{cfPsf 5g\ . o; l:yltdf hgtff/f ;~rflnt cfGbf]ngnfO{sdhf]/ t'Nofpgsf nflu ju{b'Zdgn]km'6fpm /zf;g u/ sf]gLlt cjnDag ub}{cfO/x]sf]5 . xfdLn]b'Zdgsf]o;k|sf/sf]gLltsf lj?4 Pstfa4 xf]pm /n8sf]gLlt cjnDag ub}{b[9tfk"j{s cufl8 a9\g'kb{5 .

oxfFg]/ ljz]if Wofglbg'kg]{ s'/f s]5 eg]cfhsf]o'udf ;a}eGbf k|ultzLn, cu|ufdL Pjd\qmflGtsf/Lju{ ;j{xf/f ju{ g} xf] / ;a}eGbf h'emf? kf6L{ To;} ju{sf] /fhgLlts k|ltlglwsf ?kdf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ xf] .cfhsf]o'udf s'g}klg d'n'sdf ;j{xf/fju{;lxt ljleGg tx / tKsfsf hgtfsf]d'lQm sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf]g]t[Tjdfdfq x'g ;St5 / cGoyf c;Dej 5 . o; l:yltdf ju{b'Zdgn];j{xf/f juL{o klxrfg, juL{o ljZjb[li6sf]0f tyfju{r]tgfnfO{cf]em]ndf kf/L sDo'lgi6 kf6L{Pjd\;fDojfbsf]pbfQ cfbz{dfly eLif0f xdnf af]Nb}cfPsf 5g\/

o;af/]xfdL u+eL/ aGg'kb{5 . ;j{xf/f ju{/ sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf]g]t[Tj lagf cfhsf]ljZj / g]kfndf klg :jtGq?kdf s'g}klg ju{/ txsf hg;d'bfosf]d'lQm c;+ej 5 . o;nfO{;a}n]/fd|f];+u cfTd;ft\ug{'kb{5 .

o;sf ;fy}, xfdLn] Wofglbg' kg]{ csf]{ s'/f s] klg 5 eg] v;/fi6fx\sf/jfb, lkt[;Qfjfb /a|Xd0fjfbsf]k|ltlglwTj ug]{;fdGtjfb / ;fy};fd|fHojfb Pjd\lj:tf/jfbsf]bnfnL ug]{ /fhgLlts zlQm /tTjx?n]cflbjf;Lhghflt, dlxnf, blnt, dw]zL Pjd\d'l:nd nufotsf ;d'bfosf]ljlzi6 :jTj / klxrfgnfO{k"/}gsfb}{cfPsf 5g\ . pgLx? g]kfndf gofF;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf]k|lqmofdf Psn hftLo klxrfg, dlxnf, blnttyf d'l:nd ;d'bfosf]nflu ljz]ifflwsf/ / cu|flwsf/sf lj?4 kl/nlIft /lxcfPsf]s'/f ;':ki6 5 . xfdLn]o;k|sf/sf]rfnjfhLnfO{klg /fd|f];+u a'em\b}To;sf]e08fkmf]/ ug'{kb{5 .

g]kfnL qmflGtsf ;Gbe{df xfdLn] hgtfaf6 lnP/ hgtfnfO{ lbg] hglbzfsf] dfGotfnfO{ b[9tfk"j{s

cjnDag u/L gLlt lgdf{0f ug]{sfddf ljz]if Wofglbg'kb{5 . o; ;Gbe{df xfdLn]Psflt/ ju{, juL{o b[li6sf]0ftyf ju{r]tgfsf] lj/f]wu/L hft, hflt, lnsf] klxrfg Pjd\dfGotfnfO{;a}yf]s 7fGg] / csf]{lt/ ju{tyfjuL{o r]tgf dfqnfO{;a}yf]s 7fGb}hft, hflt, ln, cflbsf]ljlzi6 :jTj / klxrfgsf]lgif]w ug]{b'j}vfn]untlrGtg / k|j[lQsf lj?4 b[9tfk"j{s j}rfl/s ;+3if{rnfpg' kb{5 .

g]kfndf dhb'/ cfGbf]ngsf]nfdf]k[i9d"ld 5 / g]kfnL qmflGtsf];kmntf dhb'/ ju{sf]g]t[Tjdf dfq;+ej 5 . k|ltlqmofjfbL tyf cj;/jfbL/x?n]Psflt/ dhb'/x?dfly u+eL/ k|sf/sf] pTkL8g hf/L /fVt}cfPsf5g\ eg] csf]{lt/ pgLx?nfO{ cy{jfb tyf ;'wf/jfbsf] lzsf/ klg agfpFb} cfPsf 5g\ . o; l:yltdf dhb'/cfGbf]ngnfO{h'emf? 9n] ;+ul7t ug]{, kf6L{df dhb'/ ju{sf]/fhgLlts k|ltlglwTj ;'lglZrt t'Nofpg]/ dhb'/ju{af6 cfPsf sd/]8x?nfO{g]t[Tjdf :yflkt ug]{af/]ljz]if Wofglbg h?/L 5 .

g]kfn ls;fgx?sf]afx'No /x]sf]b]z xf]. g]kfnL cy{tGqsf]d]?b08 klg s[lif g}xf]. ;fdGtjfb lj?4sf];+3if{sf] s]Gb|ljGb' klg ls;fg ju{s} xs, lxt Pjd\ e";DklQdfly ;fdGtL pTkfbg ;+aGwsf] cGTo / s[lif


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qmflGt;+u ;DalGwt /x]sf]5 . g]kfndf ls;fgx? wgL, dWod, lgDg jf u/La, ;'s'Daf;L, xnL, uf]7fnf, x?jf,r?jf ljleGg txdf ljeflht /lxcfPsf 5g\. g]kfndf ls;fg cfGbf]ngsf]nfdf]P]ltxfl;s k[i7e"ld 5 . xfdLn]hldg hf]Tg]sf]gf/f k|:t't u/L tyf dWod txsf ls;fgx?sf]xs, lxtdfly ljz]if WofglbO{ ;a} ls;fgx?sf]d'lQmsf nflu lg/Gt/ ;+3if{rnfpFb}tyf qmflGtsf]k|lqmofnfO{ljsl;t t'NofpFb}cufl8 a9\g'kb{5 .

g]kfnL qmflGtdf ljBfyL{, lzIfs, k|fWofkssf ;fy} ljleGg If]qdf sfo{/t a'l4hLjL ;d'bfosf] klg

dxTjk"0f{e"ldsf /x]sf]5 . k~rfotL sfndf kf6L{x? k|ltalGwt ePsf]l:yltdf ljBfyL{x?n]/fhgLlts kf6L{x?sf]e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf]s'/f ljz]if :d/0fLo /x]sf]5 . lzIffsf]gLlhs/0f, af}l4s a]/f]huf/L / k|ltefx?sf]knfogn]g]kfn cfqmfGt ag]sf]5 . o;af/]u+eL/ aGb}ljBfyL{, lzIfs, k|Wofks / a'l4hLjL If]qdf ;+u7gnfO{gofFpFrfOk|bfg ug{h?/L 5 .

tdfd k|sf/sf k|ltlqmofjfb / cj;/jfbsf] lj/f]w ub}{qmflGtnfO{;xL 9n]cufl8 a9fpg] k|lqmofdfhg;d'bfonfO{ Ao'emfpg]tyf ;r]t t'Nofpg]sfddf ;f+:s[lts df]rf{/ n]vssnfsf/x?af6 dxTjk"0f{e"ldsflgjf{x ug]{sfd x'Fb}cfPsf]5 . xfn}kf6L{df ljBdfg cj;/jfbsf lj?4sf]j}rfl/s ;+3if{df ;fdgf kl/jf/sfsnfsf/x?f/f b]zJofkL ?kdf ;f+:s[lts cleofg ;~rfng ug]{sfd ePsf]5 / xfdLn]o; k|sf/sf cleofgsf]pRr d"Nofg ug'{ kb{5 . ;fy}, ;f+:s[lts kmfF6df u+eL/ aGb} cfPsf ljljw ;d:ofsf ;fy} ;fdgf nufotljleGg ;f+:s[lts kl/jf/ tyf snfsf/sf ;d:ofx?nfO{klg /fd|f];+u cfTd;ft\u/L ltgsf];dfwfg ug'{kb{5 .

g]kfndf ;fdGtL lkt[;Qfjfbaf6 dlxnfx? pTkLl8t /lxcfPsf 5g\/ pgLx?sf]d'lQmsf]nflu jf:tljshLjgdf ;a} If]qdf k'?if;/x ;dfg clwsf/ k|bfg ug'{sf ;fy} /fHo;Qfsf ;a} c+ux?df ljz]if clwsf/sf]Joj:yf ug{h?/L 5 . o;}u/L blnt ;d'bfo klg lxGb"j0ff{>d Joj:yf tyf dg'jfb;lxtsf]a|fXd0fjfbL lrGtg/ ;fdGtjfbL pTkL8g Pjd\ 5'jf5't k|yfsf] lzsf/ x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\ . xfdLn] tL ;a}sf] lj/f]w ub}{ blnt;d'bfonfO{ ljleGg xs, clwsf/ ;lxt ljz]iflwsf/sf] Joj:yf ug]{ af/] u+eL/tfk"j{s ;f]Rg' kb{5 . o;}u/Lg]kfndf d'l:nd ;d'bfo klg lxGb'a|fXd0fjfbL wfld{s Pjd\;f+:s[lts pTkL8gsf]lzsf/ aGb}cfPsf]5 . o;l:yltdf xfdLn]blnt, dlxnf Pjd\d'l:nd ;d'bfosf ;Gbe{df ljz]ifflwsf/ ;+aGwL gLlt, ljlw tyf k|lqmofnfO{7f]; ug]{, hgjuL{o df]rf{/ kf6L{df g]t[Tjsf]ljsf; Pjd\:yfkgf nufotsf ljifodf 7f]; gLlt / ljlwsf]lgdf{0fug]{sfddf cfjZos Wofglbg'kb{5 .

xfdLn] dw]zL ;d'bfo tyf dw]zdf kf6L{sfd af/] klg u+eL/tfk"j{s ;f]Rg' kb{5 . ls;fg cfGbf]ng,u|fdL0f ju{;+3if{, ljleGg hgcfGbf]ng / dxfg\ hgo'4sf] k|lqmofdf Tofu, jL/tf / alnbfgsf If]qdf dw]zL;d'bfosf]dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf]5 . k/Gt', dw]zL ;d'bfo, kxf8L v; /fi6fx\sf/jfbf/f pTkLl8t aGb}cfPsf]5 / To;sf]cem}d'lQm x'g ;s]sf]5}g . o; l:yltdf Psflt/ dw];L hgtfsf xs clwsf/nfO{:yflkt ug]{/csf]{lt/ dw]zL df]rf{ tyf kf6L{ ;+u7gnfO{ ;'b[9 agfpFb} n}hfg] af/] u+eL/ aGg' kb{5 . kf6L{ g]t[Tjdf dw]zL;d'bfosf lqmofzLn sd/]8x?nfO{oy]i6 ?kdf ;dfj]z tyf :yflkt ug]{af/]klg cfjZos Wofglbg h?/L 5 .

g]kfndf hgjfbL cfGbf]ng, hftLo d'lQmcfGbf]ng tyf sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf]Oltxf; / dxfg\hgo'4sf]k|lqmofdf ls/ft cyf{t\vDj', lnDj', ofSvf, du/, u'?, tfdf, yf?, sf]r], ef]6] lxdfnL, ef]6]z]kf{nufotsfcflbjf;Lhghflt ;d'bfosf]dxTjk"0f{e"ldsf /lxcfPsf]5 . g]jfM ;d'bfo j:t'tM hghflt dfq xf]Og hfltsf]:t/df ljsl;t x'Fb} cfPsf]5 / o;n]g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf]Oltxf;df klg pNn]vgLo e"ldsf lgjf{xu/]sf]5 . ;fy}, dw]zt/fO{ If]qdf cflbjf;L yf? ;d'bfo g]kfnL ls;fg cfGbf]ngdf ;fFRr}sf]wtL{k'qsf ?kdfk|:t't Pjd\:yflkt x'Fb}cfPsf]5 / sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngdf klg o;sf]dxTjk"0f{e"ldsf /x]sf]5 .

cfh Psflt/ ljB'tLo ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/sf]If]qdf ck"j{k|ult ePsf]5 eg]csf]{lt/ o; If]qdf d'VotM;fd|fHojfbsf]k|e'Tj sfod /lxcfPsf]5 . o; l:yltaf6 g]kfn klg k|efljt /x]sf] 5 . kf6L{n]cfkm\gf ljrf/,gLlt / lg0f{ox?nfO{hgtfsf]jLrdf k'ofpgsf nflu oy]i6 k|of; ub}{cfPtf klg Tof]ckof{Kt g} /x]sf]5 .kf6L{df b'O{nfOg ;+3if{ tLa| aGb}uPsf]cj:yfdf k|rf/ k|;f/ / ;~rf/ If]qdf sfo{/t sd/]8af6 o; If]qdfcfjZos Wofg lbg]sfd x'Fb}cfPsf]5 . k/Gt', of]sfd ca oyfy{l:yltdf rNg ;St}g / o;af/]gofF;f]+r Pjd\of]hgf ;lxt cufl8 a9\g h?/L 5 .

gj;+zf]wgjfbl;t ;+aGwljR5]b ub}{tyf ljutsf s6'cg'eaf6 cfjZos lzIff ln+b}kf6L{/ qmflGtsfsfdnfO{ gofF 9n] ;+ul7t ug'{ kg]{ cfjZostf k}bf eO/x]sf] o; l:yltdf dhb'/, ls;fg, dlxnf, blnt,


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cflbjf;Lhghflt, d'l:nd, dw];L, ljBfyL{, a'l4hLjL, ;f+:s[lts df]rf{nufotsf hgjuL{o, hftLo tyf If]qLodf]rf{sf sfdx?nfO{Jojl:yt 9n];+ul7t u/L cufl8 a9fpg]af/]u+eL/ aGg'kb{5 .

&= cfufdL sfdsf ofhgfxfdLn];}4flGts, /fhgLlts, ;f+u7lgs tyf ;+3if{;DaGwL sfdx?nfO{ Jojl:yt ?kdf cufl8 a9fpg'

kb{5 . o; ;Gbe{df ;j{k|yd kf6L{nfO{r':t, b'?:t / Jojl:yt t'Nofpg cfjZos 5 . kf6L{df hgjfbL s]Gb|Lotf,

cfTdfnf]rgfcfnf]rgfsf]k4lt, ;fd"lxs g]t[Tj k|0ffnL, qmflGtsf/L sfo{z}nL cflbsf]k'gM:yfkgf ug]{af/] ljz]ifhf]8 lbg cfjZos 5 . cfh xfdLn]lgDg ljifodf Wofg s]lGb|t ug{h?/L 5 M!;}4flGts tyf /fhgLlts sfd

dfS;{jfbn]lggjfbdfcf]jfbsf]kyk|bz{gdf ;}4flGts tyf /fhgLlts sfdnfO{k|efjsf/L 9+un]cufl9a9fpg].

bnfn tyf gf]s/zfx k'FhLjfb, ;fdGtjfb, ;fd|fHojfb / lj:tf/jfbsf]e08fkmf]/ ug]{.

;}4flGts cWoog tyf 5nkmndf hf]8lbg]/ k|rf/fTds ;fdu|L tof/L kfg]{.

:yfgLo txdf /fhgLlts k|lzIf0f lbg]. ;fdfGotM ;a}vfn];+zf]wgjfb / ljz]iftM b+lIf0fkGyL ;+zf]wgjfbsf]lj/f]w ug]{.

gj;+zf]wgjfbsf]lj/f]wdf ljrf/wf/fTds ;+3if{/ e08fkmf]/ cfGbf]ngnfO{;zQm?kdf cufl8 a9fpg]. hgqmflGtsf]tof/Lsf nflu ;a}sfdx?nfO{Jojl:yt ?kdf cufl8 a9fpg].

cGt/f{li6o If]qsf sfdnfO{cufl9 a9fpg]tyf ljleGg k|sf/sf df]rf{agfpg].@;f+u7lgs sfd-s_ kf6L{

gj;+zf]wgjfbl;t ;DaGwljR5]b ug]{.

gofF9+usf]sDo'lgi6 kf6L{agfpg].

kf6L{df cfrf/ ;+lxtf lgdf{0f u/L sfof{Gjog ug]{.

k"0f{sfnLg tyf cNksfnLg sfo{stfx?sf];"rL tof/ kfg]{/ so{stf{x?sf]Joj:yfkg nufotsf ljifodfcfjZos Wofglbg].

cfufdL kf}ifsf]klxnf]xKtfdf dxflwj]zg ;DkGg ug]{.-v_ hg:jo+;]js

hg:jo+;]jsnfO{Jofks ?kn];+ul7t ug]{

:yfgLo txdf ljleGg ;ldltx? agfpg].-u_ ;+o'Qm df]rf{

;fdGtjfb;fd|fHojfblj:tf/jfb lj/f]wL ;+o'Qm df]rf{nfO{ gofF 9+un];+ul7t ug]{ . o;k|sf/sf] ;+o'Qm

df]rf{ ljljw ?kdf / txdf cyf{t\ bnLo, juL{o, hftLo jf ;d'bfo:t/df s]Gb|Lo jf :yfgLo ?kdfagfpg k|oTg ug]{.

:yfgLo ?kdf df]rf{;ldltx?sf]lgdf{0f ug]{.

dxfg\ hgo'4sf] k|lqmofdf /f]Nkf, ?s'd, hfh/sf]6, sflnsf]6 nufotsf lhNnfsf cfwf/Onfsfx?dflgdf{0f ul/Psf hgsDo'gx?sf];+/If0fsf lglDt cfjZos kxn ug]{.-3_ hgcfGbf]ng tyf hgkl/rfng af/]M

;j{kIfLo uf]nd]r ;ef, cGtl/d /fli6o ;+o'Qm ;/sf/ / cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf;sf] kIfdf cfwf/

tof/ kfg{sf nflu ;+3if{;+ul7t ug]{. ;g\ !(%) nufotsf c;dfg ;lGw ;+emf}tfx?;lxt xfn} ul/Psf laKkf tyf hn;|f]t ;+aGwL

;+emf}tfx?sf]vf/]hL, ;Ldf cltqmd0f, ljljw x:tIf]k tyf cGt/f{li6o Po/kf]6{sf]Joj:yfkg tyf ;'/Iffef/tLo sDkgLx?nfO{ ;'Dkg nfluPsf] if8oGq cflbsf] lj/f]w / b]zsf] /fli6o :jfwLgtf tyf;fj{ef}ldstfsf]/Iffsf]k|Zgdf k|rf/fTds ;+3if{sf]cleofg rnfpg].

dxL, dnvfb, k]6f]lnod kbfy{sf]d"Noa[l4 nufot hghLljsfsf hNbfaNbf ;d:ofx?nfO{ lnP/ ;+3if{

;~rfng ub}{hfg]. e|i6frf/sf]e08fkmf]/ ub}{e|i6 tTjx?sf lj?4 k|lt/f]w ;+3if{;~rfng ug]{.


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;lxb kl/jf/nfO{ klxn] b]lv tf]lsPsf] !) nfv /fxt cljnDa k|bfg ug]{, a]kQf of]4fx?sf] l56f]

;fj{hlgsLs/0f ug]{/ 3fOt]Pjd\ckf of]4fx?sf nflu ;d'lrt /fxt k|bfg ug]{ af/];zQm cfjfhp7fpg].

alxu{dgdf kfl/Psf hgd'lQm ;]gfsf of]4fx?f/f k|:t't hfoh dfunfO{cljnDa k"/f ug]{af/] cfjfhp7fpg].

hgo'4sf]k|lqmofdf dfcf]jfbL g]tf, sfo{stf{tyf z'elrGtsx?dfly nufOPsf d'2fx? / zflGt k|lqmofdfnufOPsf em'7f d'2fx?sf]vf/]hLsf nflu cfjfh p7fpg].-_ cfly{s kIf

dflyb]lv tn;Dd cfly{s pkfh{g, ;|f]t, ;fwg / kl/rfngsf sfdnfO{;+:yfut ?kdf Jojl:yt kfg{] . kf6L{sf]cfly{s k|0ffnLnfO{k'gM :yflkt ug]{.

xfd|f gf/fx?

g]kfnL gofFhgjfbL s|flGt ====lhGbfjfb, lhGbfjfb .

ljZj ;fd|fHojfb tyf lj:tf/jfb ====d'bf{jfb, d'bf{jfb . gjpklgj]zjfb ====d'bf{jfb, d'bf{jfb .

/fli6o cfTd;dk{0fjfb ====d'bf{jfb, d'bf{jfb . ;fdGtjfb, bnfn tyf gf]s/zfxL k'FhLjfb ====d'bf{jfb, d'bf{jfb .

;a}vfn];+zf]wgjfb tyf gj ;+zf]wgjfb ====d'bf{jfb, d'bf{jfb .

dfS;{jfbn]lggjfbdfcf]jfb ====lhGbfjfb, lhGbfjfb . jL/ zxLbx? ====nfn ;nfd, nfn ;nfd . j}b]lzs x:tIf]k / /fli6o cfTd;dk{0fjfbsf lj?4 =====Ps xf]cf}+.

/fli6o :jfwLgtf / hgtfsf];+3Lo u0ftflGqs ;+ljwfgsf nflu =======;+3if{u/f}+.

;j{kIfLo uf]nd]r ;ef, cGtl/d /fli6o ;+o'Qm

;/sf/ / cu|ufdL /fhgLlts lgsf;sf nflu ======== ;+3if{ u/f}+.

ljZjsf dhb'/x? ===== Ps xf]cf}+. g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{dfcf]jfbL ==== lhGbfjfb, lhGbfjfb .

rajnitk prastb 2069 asar 2 (bauddha bhela)

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