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WILLIAM L. AMES* BUDDHAPALITA’S EXPOSITION OF THE MADHYAMAKA I. INTRODUCTION Buddhapalita is the earliest identifiable author whose commentar y (BuddhqZZita- Mt&nnadhyamakuv$ti) on Nagarjuna’s Mtilamadhyamakak (MM K) survives today. (The Akutobhay2 may well be older, but its authorship is disputed.) He was active pr obably around 500 A.D.l Taranatha ’ tells us that he was born in South India and gives a very brief account of his life, but it is not clear how reliable his inform ation is. Although both TararGtha and the colophon to the Tibetan translation of the BuddhapcSlita-Mtilamadhyadhyam akavrtti 3 say that he composed commentaries on many works, only his commentary on the MMK has come down to us. Aside fr om a few very brief quotatio ns in the PrasannapadZ, it exists only in an early ninthcentury Tibetan translation by JAGnagarbha and Cog ro Klu’i rgyal mtshan. A portion of chapter two has been translated and edited by Musashi Tachikawa.4 Chapter eighteen has been translated and edited by Christian Lindtner.s A translation of chapter one by Judit Feher was published recently in Bibliotheca Orientalis Hungarica XXIX/l .’ One should also mention Akira Saito’s unpublished dissertation .7 Buddhapa lit a is best known to modern students of Buddhism as the object of Bhzlvaviveka’ s criticism and Candrak irti’s defense. The main subject of controversy was Buddhapahta’s use of prasariga, or reductio ad absurdur n, arguments rather than independent syllogisms (svatantra-anum&a).8 The followers of Buddhapa lita and Candrakirti became known as Prasangika- Madhyamikas, while those who followed Bhavaviveka were called Svatantrika- M&lhyamikas.9 In this paper we shall take a different approach to Buddhapalita. We shall look at what he has to say about certain major themes of the Madhyamaka. (For the most part, the school is referred to as Madhyamaka; a follower of the school is a Madhyamika.) Buddhapalita was not a great innovator. In his - -. commen tary, he stays close to the thought of NagarJuna as expressed in the MMK. Candrakirti often, though not always, followed Buddhapalita’s line JoumalofIndian Philosophy 14 (1986) 313-348. 0 1986 by D. Reidel Publishing Company.

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