EDUCATION SYSTEM IN ANCIENT INDIA (till 1947)

You cannot believe in GodUntil you believe in yourself Swami Vivekananda

The act or process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the power of reasoning and judgment, and generally of preparing oneself or others intellectually for mature life.

The act or process imparting or acquiring particular knowledge or skills, as for a profession.

The knowledge or training acquired by this process his education has been invaluable to him A degree, level, or kind of schooling ( a university education)

The result produced by instruction, training or study ( to show one’s education)

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40% of India’s population is illiterate. Indian classroom are understaffed. ( I in IV teachers will be absent on any given day) Teachers are not engaging ( only 50% are likely to be teaching at any given time) Drop-out rate is unusually high ( More than I in III children who begin primary school drop

out before reaching the 5th grade.) Education spend is relatively low ( India spends only 3.3 % of its GDP on education,

compared to an average 5.8% in developed countries )

According to the Right to Education Act. 2009, schooling is free and compulsory for all children from the ages of 6 to 14. however , improvements are slow being implemented and disadvantaged groups may still not have adequate access to education

A high value is placed on education, as it ensures a stable future. All parents want their children to attend best private English schools, but places are limited. The admission process is therefore highly competitive.

Most Indian schools have strong focus on academic subjects, with little scope for creativity and few or no extra-curricular activities. Traditional schooling methods tend to emphasis rote learning and memorization, rather than encouraging independent or creative thinking. There is a strong focus on examinations from an early age. This makes the atmosphere at Indian schools competitive.

Pre-school: Education at this level is not compulsory. The Montessori system is especially popular at the pre-school level.

Private playschools: Catering the children between the ages of 18 months and three years. Kindergarten: This is divided in to lower kindergarten and upper kindergarten. Primary School: First to fifth standard/class/grade Middle school: Fifth to eighth standard/class/grade Secondary school: Ninth and tenth standard/class/grade Higher secondary: 11th and 12th standard/class/grade. This is when students choose an

academic area on which to focus. Undergraduate: A BA is a three-year degree. Specialized courses such as medicine and

engineering can be longer. Postgraduate: A two-year course.

Government schools: Most schools in India are funded and run by the government. However the public education system faces serious challenges including a lack of adequate infrastructure, insufficient funding, a shortage of staff and scarce facilities.

Private schools: Since many government schools do not provide adequate education, Indian parents aspire to send their children to a private school.

International schools: There are international schools in all major cities. They are attended by expat and Indian children.

National open schools: Provide education up to the higher secondary level for children whose schooling has been interrupted and have been unable to complete formal education.

Special-needs schools: Provide non-formal education and vocational training to children with disabilities.

Additionally, the quality of learning is a major issue and reports show that children are achieving class-appropriate learning levels.

According to Parham's Annual Status of Education 2013 report, close to 78% of children in Standard III and about 50% of children in standard V cannot yet read standard II Texts.

Arithmetic is also a cause for concern as only 26% students in standard V can do a division problem. Without immediate and urgent help, these children cannot effectively progress in the education system,

Improving the quality of learning in schools is the next big challenge for both the state and central governments.

Focus on skill based education Reward creativity, original thinking research and innovation Get smarter people to teach Implement massive technology infrastructure for education Re-define the purpose of the education system Effective deregulation Take mediocrity out of the system Personalize education – one size does not fit all Allow private capital in education Make reservation irrelevant

With more than 7,40,000/- schools India operates the biggest education system in the world.

Literacy rates have increased within the last decades, up to 65% in 2001. however, since level boards are in control of education, there are big

differences in quality of education in India Availability of primary schools in remote areas is still limited leading to

anomalies in student teacher ratios. Although the situation is improving, it will take decades before the quality of

India’s primary education system reaches Western levels.

Secondary education in India includes the two year high school as well as vocational colleges.

The main focus of secondary education centers is on the preparation for certain professions.

Even though high schools and colleges face the same problems as primary schools, their quality of education is significantly better.

This is mainly due too the fact that experienced professionals from Indian companies and universities are called to teach at secondary schools on a regular basis.

Their experiences often compensate teacher’s lack of knowledge. However, even fewer children than at primary schools are able to attend secondary schools in India.

The state government’s secondary education examination board which regulates the majority of Indian schools.

The Central Board of Secondary Education. The Council for the Indian School Certificate

Examinations. The National Open School Board.

Despite many legal obligations there is a great variety of private schools in India.

Private schools in India are usually run by religious groups or as part of an international school network. Since they are privately funded, they have better equipment than public schools.

Their student teacher ratio are much better as well and they usually also offer extra-curricular activities, such as sports, music and drama classes and science clubs.

International schools in India usually follow curriculum of their home country. Their classes are usually held in English.

This increases the student’s chances of studying abroad.

There are 45 university under national jurisdiction in India and more than 215 state-run-universities. In addition, there are more than 16000 colleges either preparing students for university or offering vocational training.

The focus of Indian university education lies on scientific research and engineering.

The most famous institutes are the Indian Institutes of Technology. They are highly accredited worldwide and offer the best education in technological fields in India.

Some universities, however, have started offering their courses in local Indian languages. Especially in management, scientific and technical subjects you will only find English in class.

Yes, we do know that many IB schools across India are trying to bring in interactive education and we laud that immensely.

Owing to the fixated style of question papers that have doing the rounds in board exams from time immemorial, rote learning has continued.

We’re very sure that most students won’t be clear about many of the basic foundation concepts taught in school even after they’ve graduated.

Ever heard of students mugging up balanced equations, this is one fundamental change that needs to come about in our Indian Education system.

All the over evils of the Indian education system ultimately come down to the method in which students are marked.

Is it justified that a student is evaluated only on the basis of his/her performance for the duration of three hours of the exam.

If the axis of grading and marking is shifted to classroom participation, project work, communication and leadership skills and extracurricular performance, only then will a genuine student shine out.

This might sound like a utopian proposition but the Indian education system badly needs to bring about this change.

Some school and colleges in the country focus on the extracurricular activities to develop the student capabilities in terms of problem solving writing skill, verbal skill communication enhancement , physical fitness and more.

Here again the skill development are realized and accepted uneven if checked across the country.

These activities should be made available to each student in the country irrespective of the state and region.

The hindrance to technology driven classrooms prevails and is in completely exploited in the nation.

Proper measures should be undertaken to widely make aware of the benefits in adding technology to the classroom and bring in a significant change in student’s perception of subjects.

The usual brick and mortar concept has reached its peak and the modern technological classroom should be welcomed as it can help us bring in a new effective learning atmosphere and teaching methodology.

Classroom lecture sometimes become too boring encouraging only a little student involvement or creativity and going through such lessons students find the proper justification in bunking the classes.

But ,if the teacher brings practical and exciting analogies to teach the classroom becomes more interesting and lessons become easy to understand.

Many can question that every subject does not need practical guidance and theoretical knowledge is the base of the subject but the visual experience and practical guidance can help in avoiding the boredom.

Many successful entrepreneurs have not got the theoretical knowledge because their success stands on the experience they have gained.

This is philosophy what that needs to be imparted from the school days of the students.

Improve the overall quality of state institutions by ensuring conformity to prescribed norms and standards and adopt accreditation as a mandatory quality assurance framework.

Ensure reforms in the affiliation, academic and examination systems. Ensure adequate availability of quality faculty in all higher educational

institutional and ensure capacity building at all levels of employment Create an enabling atmosphere in their higher educational institutions to

devote themselves to research and innovations. Expand the institutional base by creating additional capacity in existing

institutions and establishing new institutions, in order to achieve enrolment targets.

Correct regional imbalance in access to higher education by setting up institutions in un-served & understand areas.

improve quality equity in higher education by providing adequate opportunities of higher education to SC/ST and socially and educationally backward classes, promote inclusion of women, minorities and differently abled persons.

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