1

gurU goibMd isMG ( 1666 – 1708 eIsvI ) :

is~K Drm dI gurU-prMprw ivc dsvW sQwn r`Kx vwly gurU goibMd isMG dw gurU nwnk kwl dy

gurU kvIAW ivc Awpxw ivSyS sQwn qy mh`qv hY[ ienHW dw jnm nOvyN is`K gurU, qyg bhwdr dy Gr

mwqw gujrI dI ku`KoN 22 dsMbr, 1666 eI. (poh sudI s`qvIN, 1723 ib.) ƒ ibhwr dy ptnw Sihr ivKy

hoieAw[ ienHW dw bcpn dw nwm goibMd rwie sI[ Cy swl dI aumr qk ptny rihx qoN bwd ieh

Awpxy pirvwr smyq AwnMdpur (swihb) Aw ky rihx l`gy[ ieQy ienHW ƒ sMsikRq Aqy &wrsI Awid

BwSwvW dI isiKAw dyx dw pRbMD kIqw igAw[ ies qoN ielwvw ienHW ƒ Ssqr-ividAw vI pRdwn kIqI

geI[ ies qrHW Ssqr qy Swsqr dohW qrHW dI ividAw ny bwlk goibMd rwie dI S^sIAq ƒ AnoKw

jlO pRdwn kIqw[ Asl ivc iesy dUhrI isKlweI ny hI aunHW dy Biv`KwrQI auprwilAW leI zr^yz

zmIn iqAwr kIqI[

ijs vyly kSmIrI pMifqW dI pukwr sux ky gurU qyg bhwdr ny Dwrimk AwzwdI dI rwKI leI

id`lI ivc jwky Shwdq id`qI qW bwlk goibMd rwie dI aumr 9 swl dI sI[ gurU qyg bhwdr ny

Shwdq qoN pihlW ienHW ƒ gur-g`dI dw vwirs bxw id`qw[ gur-g`dI au~pr bYTidAW hI ienHW ny

AiqAwcwrI muZl swmMqvwd dw swmHxw krn leI sYink kwrvweIAW AwrMB kr id`qIAW[ ienHW ny

Awpxy SrDwlUAW pwsoN rvwieqI Bytw svIkwr krn dy nwl nwl sYink swz-swmwn Aqy GoiVAW Awid

dI Bytw ƒ qrjIh dyxI SurU kr id`qI[

iesy dOrwn ieh nHWn rwjy dy s`dy au~qy kuJ smyN leI ausdI irAwsq ivc cly gey Aqy jmnw

ndI dy kMFy vsy hoey ngr pwauNtw (swihb) ivKy fyrw lw ilAw[ ies QW aunHW ny sYink isKlweI dy

nwl nwl swihq-isrjxw dw kwrj vI AwrMiBAw jo AiqAMq mh`qvpUrx is`D hoieAw[ kuJ smyN bwd

auh iek vwr Pyr AwnMdpur swihb prq Awey Aqy ies QW ƒ Awpxw gVH bxw ilAw[ AwmMdpur

swihb dI r`iKAw leI aunHW ny ies dy Awly duAwly pMj ikilAW dI auswrI kIqI – AwnMdgVH,

lohgVH, kysgVH, PqhgVH Aqy holgVH[

jdoN muZl hkUmq ny phwVI rwijAW pwsoN kr vsUl krn leI Ail& ^W ƒ aunHW dy ivru`D

sYink kwrvweI leI ByijAw aunHW ny gurU goibMd isMG pwsoN shwieqw mMgI[ ies mMqv leI gurU jI ny

ibAws ndI dy kMFy ndOx dy sQwn au~qy Ail& ^W dIAW POjW nwl Xu`D kIqw Aqy aunHW ƒ pRwijq kr

id`qw[ ies Gtnw dy pRiqkrm vjoN bwdSwh AOrMgzyb ny phwVI rwijAW ƒ sbk isKwaux leI Awpxy

pu`qr Sihzwdw muA`zm dI AgvweI ivc v`fI POj dy ByijAw[ pr auh gurU jI dI Azmq qoN kwiel

hoky vwps priqAw[1

1 fw. rqn isMG j`gI, pMjwbI swih`q dw sroq mUlk ieiqhws, pMnw – 246-47.

2

gurU goibMd isMG ny AwnMdpur vwps prq ky Awpxy swihq-isrjxw dy kwrj ƒ iek vwr Pyr

AwrMB kr id`qw[ aunHW ny Drm Aqy kOm dI ibhqrI leI pRiqb`D ivdvwnW Aqy kvIAW dI mMflI

iqAwr kr leI ijsdw mnorQ BwrqI Drm-siBAwcwr, ieiqhws Aqy purwx dw AiDAYn krnw sI[

inrw AiDAYn hI nhIN sgoN sMsikRq BwSw ivc pRwpq ivrsy dy igAwn ƒ BwKw ivc rUpWqirq krnw

vI sI[ ies igAwn-mUlk auprwly dw ieko iek mnorQ sI - BwrqI lok-mn ivc Awpxy ivrsy dy

gOrv ƒ punr-sQwipq krnw Aqy zulm dy twkry leI lwmbMd krnw[ 1699 eI. ƒ gurU goibMd isMG

ny gurU pMprw dy sMdrB ivc iek hor mhqvpUrx Aqy kRWqIkwrI kdm cuikAw[ ieh sI zulm Aqy

qS`dd dy twkry leI Kwlsy dI swjnw[ ies Gtnw ny is`K lihr ƒ SWqmeI sMGrS dy nwl nwl

sYink sMGrS leI vI iqAwr kr id`qw[

gurU jI idno idn vDdI sYink SkqI Aqy aunHW dy kRWqIkwrI auprwilAW ny phwVI rwijAW ƒ

BYBIq kr id`qw[ aunHW ny muZl bwdSwh A`gy ies g`l dI iSkwieq kIqI qW 1700 eI. ƒ pYNdy ^W

Aqy dInw byZ dI AgvweI ivc muZl POjW ny pMjwb vl kUc kr id`qw[ aunHW dy nwl phwVI rwjy vI

rl gey[ muZl POjW ny AwnMdpur dy ikly ƒ Gyrn dw jqn kIqw pr sPl nw ho sky[ keI mhIinAW

dI GyrybMdI qoN bwd muZl sYink AwgUAW ny JUTIAW ksmW Kw ky gurU jI pwsoN iklw KwlI krvw ilAw[

pr rwq vyly ikly qoN inklI Kwlsw POj au~qy DoKy nwl hmlw kr id`qw[ ies Acwnk hmly kwrx

AnykW isMG ShId ho gey[ bhuq swrw kImqI swz swmwn Aqy swihqk rcnwvW isrsw ndI ivc ruVH

geIAW[ gurU jI dw pirvwr inKV igAw[“ cwlI is`KW Aqy do v`fy swihbzwidAW sihq gurU jI

cmkOr phuMcy ij`Qy muZl sYnw nwl lVdy hoey dovyN swihbzwdy Aqy bhuq swry isMG ShId ho gey[ auQoN

gurU swihb mwCIvwVy phuMcy Aqy ‘auc dw pIr’ bx ky muZl sYnw dy Gyry qoN inkl ky mwlvy dy ielwky

ivc phuMcy Aqy dInw kWgV qoN AOrMgzyb dy GtIAw kwrnwimAW dw ic`Tw ‘z&rnwmy’ dy rUp ivc ilK

ByijAw[”2 dUsry pwsy mwqw gujrI Aqy do Coty swihbzwidAW ƒ lwlc vs gurU Gr dy rsoeIey gMgU ny

srihMd dy nvwb vzIr^wn dy hvwly kr id`qw[ vzIr ^wn ny swihbzwidAW ƒ zwlmwnw FMg nwl

dIvwr ivc cuxvw id`qw[

gurU jI kuJ smW dmdmw swihb itkx qoN bwd nWdyV (d`Kx) vl cly gey[ ieQoN aunHW ny bMdw

vIr bYrwgI nW dy iek sMinAwsI ƒ isMG sjw ky Drn-Xu`D jwrI r`Kx leI pMj isMGW sihq pMjwb

rvwnw kr id`qw[ nWdyV rihMidAW gurU jI iek pTwn dy h`QoN z^mI ho gey Aqy kuJ smyN bwd ( 7

AkqUbr, 1708 eI.ƒ) aunHW dw dyhWq ho igAw[ gurU jI ny iksy ivAkqI ƒ Awpxw au~qrwiDkwrI

2 fw. rqn isMG j`gI, pMjwbI swih`q dw sroq mUlk ieiqhws, pMnw – 247.

3

bxwaux dI bjwey Awid gRMQ ƒ (sRI gurU gRMQ swihb dy rUp ivc) gurg`dI au~qy ibrwjmwn kr id`qw[

ies qrHW aunHW ny dyhDwrI gurU dI pRQw smwpq krky Sbd-gurU dw nvW sMklp swmHxy ilAWdw[

kwiv-isrjxw :

pRc`lq rvieq Anuswr Awid gRMQ dy mOjUdw srUp (sRI gurU gRMQ swihb) ivc gurU goibMd isMG

dw isr& iek Slok gurU qyg bhwdr dy SlokW ivc (Slok nM. 54) drj hY jo aunHW dy Slok nM. 53 dy

pRiq-au~qr ivc aucwirAw igAw mMinAW jWdw hY[ pr gurU jI dI swihq-swDnw dy v`fmu`ly Xogdwn qoN

koeI vI ienkwr nhIN kr skdw[ aunHW ny AwpxI cmqkwrI swihqk pRiqBw dy mwiDAm rwhIN Awid

gRMQ vWg hI iek hor v`f-AwkwrI gRMQ dI rcnw kIqI hY ijsƒ dsm gRMQ AwiKAw jWdw hY[ is`K

BweIcwry ivc Awid gRMQ qoN bwd dsm gRMQ ƒ s`B qoN v`D AwdrXog mMinAW jWdw hY[ pRc`lq rvwieq

Anuswr ies sMpUrx gRMQ rcnw dsvyN is`K-gurU goibMd isMG dI rcnw hY[ “ vIhvIN sdI dy AwrMB

qk pr iesdw pRkwS gurduAwirAW, ieiqhwsk gurU-DwmW ivc gurU gRMQ swihb dy nwl kIqw jWdw

irhw, pr aunHIvIN sdI dy AMqivc SurU hoey suDwrvwdI AMdolnW Aqy bOiDk ivkws ny ies gRMQ pRiq

auprwmqw dI Bwvnw Br id`qI[ PlsrUp, Awm gurduAwirAW ivcoN iesdIAW bIVW pRkwS krnoN htw

id`qIAW geIAW[”3 dsm gRMQ dIAW keI bIVW pRwpq hn ijnHW ivc drj rcnwvW ivc kuJ AMqr vI

hY[ qulnwqmk idRStI qoN ies ivclIAW pRmu`K rcnwvW inmn-AMikq hn :

1. jwpu, 2. Akwl ausqiq, 3. bicqR nwtk, 4. cMfI cirqR (aukqI ivlws), 5. cMfI cirqR-

dUjw, 6. vwr sRI BgauqI jI kI, 7. igAwn pRboD, 8. cObIs Avqwr, 12. svYXy, 13. Kwlsw

mihmw, 14. Ssqr nwm mwlw, 15. cirqRopwiKAwn Aqy, 16. z&rnwmw[

dsm gRMQ bwry hux qk hoeI Koj ny ies gRMQ dy kriq`Rqv sMbMDI ivdvwnW ƒ do DiVAW ivc

vMf id`qw hY[ iek DVw ies sMpUrx rcnw ƒ gurU jI dI rcnw mMnx dy h`k ivc hY jdoN ik dUsrw

DVw ies ivclIAW kyvl BgqI Bwv vwlIAW kuJ rcnwvW ƒ hI gurU jI dIAW rcnwvW mMnx dy h`k

ivc hY[ bwkI dIAW rcnwvW dw sMbMD auh gurU jI dy drbwrI kvIAW nwl joVdw hY[ ieh ivvwd

Asl ivc vDyry Avqwr-kQwvW Aqy cirqRopwiKAwn dy sMdrB ivc hY[ ienHW ivdvwnW ny dsm gRMQ

ivclIAW Avqwr-kQwvW ƒ inrgux swDnw dy ivroD ivc r`K ky dyKx dw jqn kIqw hY[inrp`K

idRStI qoN dyiKAw jwvy qW ieh dlIl bhuqI vzndwr nhIN[ gurU goibMd isMG nyAwid gRMQ dw punr-

sMpwdn kridAW jy AwpxI rcnw ƒ aus pwvn gRMQ ivc Swiml nhIN kIqw qW iesdw spSt qOr qy

ieh ArQ vI inkldw hY ik gurU jI ies gRMQ dw mMqv qy mnorQ v`Krw smJdy sn[ ieh mMqv ivrsy

dy igAwn ƒ vrqmwn leI pRwsMigk bxw ky gRihx krnw hY ijs bwry gurU kvI pUrI qrHW sucyq hn[

3 EhI, pMnw – 249.

4

Asl ivc dsm gRMQ BwrqI lok mn ivc vsy hoey pOrwixk pRsMgW dw punr-ibrqWq isrj ky

Awpxy smkwlI pwTk / sroiqAW dy Avcyqn ƒ tuMbxw cwhuMdw hY[ ies g`l vl rcnwkwr ny iek

QwvyN ^ud vI sMkyq kIqw hY :

dsm kQw BwgOq kI BwKw krI bnwie[

Avr vwsnw nwih pRB Drm juD ky cwie[

(ikRSnwvqwr)

gurU goibMd isMG vloN pRwcIn BwrqI ieiqhws Aqy purwx dw mMQn krnw Aqy Kwlsw pMQ dI

swjnw krnw ieko hI mnorQ dy do pihlU hn – AiqAwcwrI pRbMD dy i^lw& jUJx leI nYiqk mnobl

pYdw krnw Aqy iensw& dI Bwvnw nwl lVn vwlw SsqrDwrI XoDw iqAwr krnw[ gurU goibMd isMG

ny Kwlsy ƒ iksy Drm jW i&rky dy ivru`D lVn leI nhIN iqAwr kIqw sI sgoN hr iksm dy zulm

nwl lVn leI swijAw sI[ iesy leI aunHW ny Kwlsy ƒ Akwl purK kI POj AwiKAw hY[ ies qrHW

gurU kvI dy swjy hoey dsm gRMQ ivclIAW rcnwvW Awid gRMQ dI ivcwrDwrw dw hI Anusrx krdIAW

hn[ ies ivclIAW kuJ rcnwvW – ijvyN jwpu Akwl ausqiq Aqy svYXy – qW is`Dy qOr qy Awid gRMQ

dy ivcwrDwreI mw`fl Anuswr hI rcIAW geIAW hn[ ies mMqv leI imswl vjoN kuJ pMgqIAW pyS

hn :

c`kR ichn Aru brn jwiq Aru pwiq nihn ijh]

rUp rMg Akoau kih nw skq ikh]

Acl mUriq AnBau pRkws Aimqoj kihjY]

koit ieMdR ieMdRwix swhu swhwix gixjY]4

ienHW pMgqIAW ivc bRhm dy inrgux inrwkwr srUp dw sMklp hI swmHxy r`iKAw igAw hY[

iehI g`l mnu`KI BweIcwirAW dIAW iBMnqwvW dw Awdr krn vwlIAW qy aunHW ƒ brwbr qslIm

krn vwlIAW Akwl ausqiq dIAW inmn-AMikq pMgqIAW ivc idRStIgocr huMdI hY :

koaU BXo muMifAw sinAwsI koaU jogI BXo,

koaU bRhmcwrI, koaU jiq Anumwnbo]

ihMdU qurk koaU rw&zI iemwm swPI,

mwns kI jwiq sBY eykY phcwnbo]. . .

dyhurw msIq soeI pUjw AE invwj EeI

mwns sBY eyk pY Anyk kE BRmwau hY]

4 dsm gRMQ, pMnw -

5

dyvqw Adyv j`C gMDRb qurk ihMdU,

inAwry inAwry dysn ky Bys kE pRBwE hY]5

bicqR nwtk rcnw dsm gRMQ dI mhqvpUrx ibrqWqk rcnw hY[ Awm qOr qy BwvyN iesƒ

gurU kvI dI Awqm-kQw (ApnI kQw) qk sIimq mMinAW jWdw hY pr Asl ivc ieh iek ivsiqRq

rcnw hY ijs ivc dovyN cMfI cirqR cObIs Avqwr Aqy bRhmw-rudR Avqwr pRsMg vI Swiml hn[

‘ApnI kQw’ dy AMqrgq kvI ny Awpxy mu`Fly jIvn qoN SurU kr ky Awpxy rwj-swj, phwVI rwijAW

nwl hoey Xu`D dw vrxn idlvr ^wn Awid nwl Xu`D dw vrxn, AOrMgzyb dy pu`qr muAzm vloN pMjwb

au~qy POjkSI Awid dw vrxn hY[ ienHW GtnwvW dw vrxn ieiqhwsk mh`qv r`Kdw hY[ ies qoN

ielwvw ies rcnw ivc gurU kvI ny Awpxy jIvn mnorQ Aqy rUhwnI imSn ƒ vI mUrqImwn krn dw

auprwlw kIqw hY[

hm ieh kwj jgq mo Awey] Drm hyq gurdyv pYTwey]

jhW qhW qum Drm ibQwro] dust doKIAn pkir pCwro]

XwhI kwj Drw hm jnmM] smJ lyhu swDU sB mnmM]

Drm clwvn sMq aubwrn] dust sBn kE mUl aupwrn]6

ienHW pMgqIAW dy mwiDAm rwhIN gurU-kvI ny BwrqI lok mn ivc vsy hoey aus dYvI inAW vl

sMkyq kIqw hY jo duStW dw dmn kr ky kilAwxkwrI ivvsQw ƒ punr-sQwipq krdw hY[ ies Bwvnw

dI qulnw Bgvq-gIqw dy inmn-AMikq kQn nwl kIqI jw skdI hY ijs ivc AvqwrI SkqI dy

kilAwxkwrI mnorQ ƒ im`Q dy mwiDAm rwhIN mUrqImwn kIqw igAw hY :

Xdw Xdw ih DmLÔX ÀlwinBLviq Bwrq[

AËXuÄQwnmDmLÔX qdwÄmwnù sãjwMXhm`[

pir>wxwX swDUnwm ivnw_wX c duÕkãqwm[

DmLsùÔQwpnwQwLX sMBvwim Xugy Xugy[7

dsm gRMQ dI iek hor mh`qvpUrx rcnw cMfI dI vwr hY[ ieh vwr pMjwbI lok-vwr dy

ivDI-ivDwn Anuswr rcI geI vIrrs-pRDwn rcnw hY[ ies vwr ivc 55 pauVIAW hn ijnHW ivc

cMfI (BgauqI) dy rwKSW nwl Xu`D dw ibrqWq auswirAw igAw hY[ iesdy AwrMB ivc kvI ny

mMglwcrx dI pRwcIn kwiv prMprw dw inBwau kIqw hY Aqy s`B qoN pihlW BgauqI ƒ ismirAw hY

5 dsm gRMQ, pMnw - 6 dsm gRMQ, pMnw - 7 BgdgIqw

6

ijsƒ gurU jI ny Awid SkqI dy pRqIk vjoN sMklipAw hY[ cMfI dI vwr dI kQw vsqU ieMdr dI

rwKSW h`QoN hoeI hwr Aqy ausdI durgw pws pukwr nwl SurU huMdI hY Aqy iBAwnk Xu`DW qoN bwd pRwpq

hox vwlI ijq nwl Kqm huMdI hY[

ies vwr dI mu`K ivSySqw Xu`D dy aumwh BrpUr vrxn ivc CupI hoeI hY[ gurU kvI ny XoiDAW

dI bhwdrI pRiq pRsMswqmk idRStI ApxweI hY – XoDw Bwvy sur hovy Aqy BwvyN Asur, dYNq hovy BwvyN

dyvqw[ ies vwr dw q`qkwlIn sMdrB vI Awp-muhwry hI aujwgr ho auTdw hY jdoN AsIN ies vwr

ivclIAW pRiq-dvMdI SkqIAW ƒ nykI Aqy bdI dy rUpkW vjoN vwcdy hW[ rcnwkwr dI ^UbI ieh hY

ik ies ivc mUl kQwnk dy kQw-sUqrW nwloN vDyry aunHW ivcly vIrqw BrpUr pRsMgW ƒ mh`qv pRdwn

kIqw igAw hY[ ies qrHW ieh rcnw im`Q dy hvwly nwl BwrqI lok mn dy Avcyqn soimAW ƒ tuMbx

dw jqn krdI hY[ ieh g`l gurU kvI dy jIvn audyS Aqy rUhwnI sMdyS dohW nwl myl KWdI hY[