diabetes mellitus.ppt
TRANSCRIPT
Dr. Shamanthakamani Narendran
M.D. (Pead), Ph.D. (Yoga Science)
PRAYER
AKHANDA MANDALÁKÁRAM
VYÁPTAM YÄNA CARÁCARAM
TATPADAM DARÙITAM YÄNA
TASMAI SRÈ GURAVÄ NAMAH
Name of the disease & terminologiesEtiologyPhysical examination, signs and symptoms InvestigationsModern medical treatmentAlternative therapies – Yoga managementDietBooks and journals for reference
Diabetes mellitus is a condition in which glucose level in the blood are much higher than normal and hence this condition is also commonly referred to as sugar disease.
The defect in this condition is that either the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or it produces sufficient insulin, but the cells of the body are unable to use the insulin properly.
INTRODUCTION
PANCREAS - BEHIND STOMACH
TAIL - “ISLET OF LANGER HANS”
Insulin is like a key which opens the
body cell doors to allow glucose to enter. In the absence of enough insulin, glucose cannot
enter the cells and remains in the blood stream in high amounts (hyperglycemia)
High blood sugar due to defective or deficient insulin action and the resulting associated problem is called diabetes.
Cells in the body needs glucose (sugar) for making energy required for daily life.
The food we eat turns into glucose after digestion.
What is Diabetes?
ALPHA CELLS -GLUCAGON
BETA CELLS - INSULIN
Glucose enters the blood stream to reach different body cells.
Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas is required for glucose to enter the blood cells.
Who are prone ...?
HEREDITY
CAUSES
HEREDITY
FOR INSULIN IDENTIFIED (CHROMOSOME 6)
GENE
GENERAL POPULATION 10% NIDDM - FAMILY HISTORY 40%
S.INDIA 80%IDENTICAL TWINS - IDDM 50%
NIDDM 100%
CAUSES
HEREDITY
3. URBANISATION
Migrant Indians in UK& USA very high
incidence
4. DIET - Rich, Refined foods
5. SEDENTARY LIFE STYLE
CAUSES TRIGGERS: contd...
CAUSES TRIGGERS: contd...
STRESS
ACUTE
DURING STROKE
HEART ATTACK
ACCIDENTS
PREGNANCY
INFECTION
CAUSES TRIGGERS: contd...
CHRONICSTRESSESSTRESSES
EXECUTIVE TENSION
UNFINISHED TARGETS
DEMANDING LIFE EVENTS
EMOTIONAL REACTIVITY
AGGRESSIONS
FRUSTRATIONS
COMPLICATIONS IN DIABETES
Eyes
Heart
Kidney
Neuropathy
Type 1 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes
Gestational diabetes
Classification of Diabetes
Other types of Diabetes Genetic Malnutrition related Drug induced
Age below 30 years Excessive urination Excessive hunger Excessive thirst
Symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes
Bed wetting in children Unexplained weight loss Dehydration Coma
MAY PRESENT WITH
• INFECTION
• COMA
• COMPLICATIONS
EXCESS HUNGEREXCESS THIRSTEXCESS URINE
IDDM
IDDM
EATS A LOT BUT DOES NOT GROW
LOSS OF WEIGHT
YOUNG
5 -35 Yrs
Frequent urination Always hungry Cave for extra liquids Sexual dysfunction Unexplained weight loss Family history
Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes
Causes: Too much food, too little insulin or illness or stress.
Onset: Gradual, may progress to diabetic coma.
Symptoms: Extreme thirst, frequent urination, dry skin, hunger, blurred vision, drowsiness, nausea
WHAT TO DO?: Test blood glucose test ketones. If over 250mg/dL for several tests CALL DOCTOR
High Blood Glucose / Hyperglycemia
Causes: Too little food, too much insulin or diabetes medicine or extra exercise.
Onset: Sudden, may progress to insulin shock. Symptoms: Shaking, fast heartbeat, sweating,
anxious, dizziness, hunger, impaired vision, weakness fatigue, headache, irritable
WHAT TO DO?: Drink ½ glass of orange juice/skim milk or eat several candies. Test blood glucose – if symptoms don’t stop, CALL DOCTOR. Within 30 min after symptoms go away, eat a light snack.
Low Blood Glucose / Hypoglycemia
FASTING BLOOD GLUCOSE
Normal 80-100 mg/dL
DM > 120 mg/dL
2 HOURS POST LUNCH
Normal 130-160 mg/dL
DM > 180 mg/dL
Diagnostic range of blood sugar level
Values are internationally accepted for plasma glucose Corresponding whole blood glucose values are lower
Diagnostic range of blood sugar (plasma glucose)
Normal glucose tolerance
Impaired glucose tolerance
Diabetes mellitus
Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)
<110 110-126 >126
Between 0-120 min (mg/dL) <200 <200 200 at least once
2 hours after glucose load (mg/dL)
<140 >140, but <200
>200
What are the consequences of untreated diabetes?
2 times higher risk of brain stroke
3-4 times higher risk of heart disease
Increase risk of high BP
Cause of leg amputations
Cause of loss of sensations in limbs & other nerve damage17 times of higher risk
of kidney failure – common cause in India
Affects the eye and vision3rd most common causeof blindness in India
Increase with duration of diabetes 50% retinopathy in 20 years of Type 1 diabetes 20% of retinopathy in 15 yrs of Type 2 In Type 2, retinopathy
may be present at diagnosis Leading cause of blindness
Diabetes & eye disease
Make sure to monitor blood sugar and undertake periodic test advised by doctor.
Take interest in own treatment and have to live with it for the rest of the life.
Checking of eye and vision Regular examination of feet Weight BP
What Can Be Done to Avoid Consequences of Diabetes
Diabetes can be kept under check by proper care and treatment
Once diabetes is established it cannot be cured, so stop running after magical cures!!.
Can Diabetes be Cured ???
Contrary to popular belief – diabetes is a serious condition – it is more than just high blood sugar!!!
High blood sugar due to untreated, diabetes damages many organs in the body.
When diabetes is well controlled such damage is avoided or minimized.
Why should diabetes be treated ?
Depends on the type of diabetes, condition of the person, age, weight and associated conditions.
Treatment includes – proper diet, exercise, regular monitoring and medications (oral and injections)
What Treatment is given?
DM - management
o DIET
o EXERCISE
o YOGA
o MEDICATION
INSULIN
ORAL ANTIDIABETICS
Proper diet is very important – Helps control blood sugar, blood cholesterol, and weight
Cut down on fat, oils, sugar, alcohol and red meat.
Eat vegetables daily. Avoid rich fried foods. Take lots of foods like cereals and pulses
Diabetic Diet Tips
Regular exercise is good for diabetes. Exercise improves sugar and weight control,
and increases a sense of well being
Diabetic Exercise Tips
Do’s Can participate in
active sports Keep sugar or other
carbohydrate source handy.
Don’ts Avoid exercise soon
after injecting insulin Do not exercise on
an empty stomach
Change daily into clean, soft socks or stockings which must neither be too big nor too small.
Keep the feet warm and dry. Preferably wear socks or stockings of cotton and leather shoes.
Never walk barefoot neither indoors nor outdoors.
Always wear shoes that fit. This applies also to sandals
Examine shoe everyday for cracks, pebbles, nails, and other irregularities which may irritate the skin.
Special Attention for Foot
Wash feet daily with lukewarm water and soap, just as wash hands.
Dry feet well, also between the toes. Cut nails straight across. Ingrown nails and
calluses should receive expert attention. Keep the skin supple with moisturizing lotion,
but do not apply it between the toes.
If not diabetic, but at high risk, require to take care of health.
Should watch weight in particular waist line. Exercise regularly. Eat healthy – cut out fat, reduce refined rich fried
food, avoid calorie dense sweets and red meat. Eat cereals and pulses, vegetables and fruits,
avoid or reduce alcohol intake and go for medical checkup regularly.
Avoid excessive psychological and physical stress.
Can Diabetes be prevented ?
All types of diabetes are serious and require full attention.
Insulin is given from outside when insulin producing cells do not produce enough insulin
High blood sugar is toxic to the insulin producing cells.
Improperly controlled diabetes worsens the condition and further damages the already stressed insulin producing cells.
Controlling diabetes is important irrespective of whether one is treated with/without insulin
Is Insulin requiring DM more serious ?
Problem: Choose a habit to change, write it down. Eg: Eat too much fried foods.
Overall Goal: Say why the change would be good. Eg: Low fat intake, may lose weight.
What: Choose a habit to change, write it down. Eg: Replace fried snacks with salads for a week.
Evaluate: Could you do it? Eg: I did it! Not too hard, try it for another week.
Reward: Celebrate success. Eg: Go to a movie with friends
The POWER within ...
SUGAR
SWEETS
NON-VEGETARIAN
DIET
INSULIN CANNOT BE RELEASED RAPIDLY TO COPE WITH QUICK RAISE OF BLOOD SUGAR
SWEETS
FATSCUT DOWN TO 50% NO BUTTER/MARGERINE/ GHEECUT DOWN TOTAL OIL INTAKE
• DELAY ABSORPTION OF GLUCOSE
• GUAR GUM ,VEGETABLES
• BITTERS - REDUCE APPETITE
FIBRES:
Guar gum is widely used as a thickening agent, stabilizer and texturant in many food
products
3 Kinds of Food3 Kinds of Food3 Kinds of Food3 Kinds of Food
1. Energy giving
2. Building and repairing
3. Protecting against infection
•TAMAS - GROSSEST, LETHARGIC
•RAJAS - DYNAMIC, RUSHY
•SATTVA - MATURE, COMPOSED
GUNAS:
THE TOOL FOR CLASSIFICATION
SATVIC FOOD
AYU SATVA BALAROGYA
SUKHA PREETHIR VIVARDHANAHA
RASYA SNIGDHAH STIRAH HRDYAH
AHARA SATVIKA PRIYA
SATTVIC FOOD
FRESH FOODS
VEGETABLES & FRUITS
GERMINATED GRAINS & PULSES
FIBRES (VITAMINS & MINERALS)
DAIRY PRODUCTS
LESS SPICY
YOGA FOOD
RAJASIC FOOD
KATVAMLA LAVANA TYUSNA
TIKSNA RUKSA VIDAHINAH
AHARA RAJASASYESTA
DUKHA SOKA MAYA PRADAH
BITTER SOUR
SALINE STEAMING HOT
PUNGENT DRY
RAJASIK FOOD
FOOD OF TAMASIC
YATAYAMAM GATARASAM
POOTI PARYUSITAM CA YAT
UCCISTAMAPI CAMEDHYAM
BHOJANAM TAMASAPRIYAM
1. OLD FOOD: CANNED or STORED
2. DEVOID OF TASTE
3. NONVEGETARIAN FOOD
4. FERMENTED DRINKS
5. STALE FOOD
6. LEFT OVER FOOD
7. IMPURE FOOD
TAMASIK FOOD
• EXERCISE BURNS CALORIES
• REDUCES WEIGHT
• INCREASES INSULIN SENSITIVITY
YOGA IN DIABETES - HOW?
MASTERY OVER MINDBETTER ADHERENCE TO DIET
BETTER MASTERY OVER APPETITE & SATISFACTION
MASTERY OVER CRAVINGS FOR JUNK FOOD & SWEET
APPETITE SATIETY
= MASTERY OVER MIND= MASTERY OVER MIND
HELPS
TO MAINTAIN REGULARITY OF EXERCISE BY BREAKING THE LIMITATION OF LAZINESS
YOGA IN DIABETES - HOW?
IMPROVES BLOOD FLOW TO PANCREAS BY INCREASING NEGATIVE SUCTION PRESSURE IN ABDOMINAL CAVITY
YOGA IN DIABETES - HOW?
NAULIAGNISÁRA
DEEP REST IMPROVES BETA CELL EFFICIENCY
ARDHA MATSYÄNDRA
MAYÜRÁSANA
STIMULATION & DEEP REST
DHANURÁSANA
YOGA IN DIABETES - HOW?
THYMUSB
T
YOGA IN DIABETES - HOW?
REDUCE AUTO IMMUNITYINSULIN ANTIBODY
YOGA IN DIABETES - HOW?
INCREASES SENSITIVITY OF CELL WALL INSULIN RECEPTORS
ALL CELLSC
LE
AN
SIN
GP
RÁ
NÁ
YÁ
MA
INTEGRATED YOGA MODULE FOR DIABETES MELLITUS
Breathing practices Hands in and out breathing Ankle stretch breathing Tiger breathing Straight leg raise breathing Instant relaxation
technique (IRT)
Loosening Exercises Jogging Forward and backward
bending Side bending Twisting Pavanamuktasana kriya Dhanurasana swing Quick relaxation
technique (QRT)
Yogasanas
Standing Ardhakati cakrasana Padahastasana Parivrutta Trikonasana
Sitting Vakrasana/ Ardha Matsyendrasana
Prone Bhujangasana Dhanurasana
Supine Sarvangasana Matsyasana Deep relaxation technique (DRT)
Pranayama Kapalabhati Vibhagiya pranayama (sectional breathing) Nadisuddi pranayama Sitkari pranayama Bhramari pranayama
Meditation Nadanusandhana OM Meditation
Vamanadhouti + DRT – Once a week
Sankhapraksalana + DRT – Once a month
Laghu Sankapraksalana + DRT – Daily
SPECIFIC PRACTICES Yoga can be an effective supplement to
diabetes treatment. It helps in controlling the blood sugar level by
helping the pancreas to produce more insulin. If diabetes is caused by lack of exercise or
stress, yoga eliminates the dependence on insulin treatment.
For daily practice: Bhastrika Pranayama Nadi Shodak Pranayama Ujjayi Pranayama
General considerations: People with diabetes should be treated and regularly checked by a medical doctor. The severity of diabetes may vary from mild forms requiring nothing more than diet to severe insulin dependent forms requiring systematic and long term medical treatment.
Contraindications: Patients with well treated diabetes without complications tolerate most yoga practices and benefit from them.
Recommendations: People with diabetes often benefit from asanas and relaxation. The blood sugar levels should be followed up to adjust the doses of insulin or other medicines to healthier yogic life style.
Recommended Asanas : Suryanamaskara (Sun salutation) - activates
almost all glands; due to reverse circulation of blood during this asan invigorates the facial tissues , the nervous system etc.
Bhujangasana (Cobra Pose) - activates whole of abdominal area.
Paschimotanasana (Head-knee forward Bend)- activates pancreas, thus regularising its functioning to secrete insulin in a normal way .
Vakrasana (Obtuse Pose)- affects the waist and abdominal area.
Matsyendrasana - has great effect on pancreas , adrenal, thyroid and sex glands.
Suptavajrasana - corrects disorders of stomach, intestine, liver, kidneys, spleen etc. ; enhances sexual potentiality.
Dhanurasana - affects pancreas, adrenal, thyroid, parathyroids, pituitary and sex glands; develops digestive power ; corrects menstrual problems in women.