makalah teknologi guna kreatif

7/23/2019 Makalah Teknologi Guna Kreatif

1/15

MAKALAH TEKNOLOGI GUNA KREATIF

PLTA DARI BOTOL MINERAL

DISUSUN OLEH :

REGU HIU

PANGKALAN SMP NEGERI 11 MALANG

MALANG

2015


2/15

Kata pengantar

P!" #$%r #a$a pan!at%an ata# %e&a'"rat A((a& #)t *$ang te(a& +e("+pa&%an ,er%at*

ra&+at n"%+a 'an &"'a$a&n$a #e&"ngga pen("# 'apat +en$e(e#a"%an +a%a(a& "n" 'engan ,a"%'an 'apat '"#e(e#a"%an pa'a )a%tn$a- Ma%a(a& $ang ,er!'( .PLTA DARI BOTOL

MINERAL/ ,er"#" tentang pe+anaatan ,t( +"nera( #e,aga" pe+,ang%"t ("#tr"% tenaga ang"n-

Ma%a(a& "n" +erpa%an &a#"( %er!a $ang #e#a" 'engan tenaga 'an %e+a+pan $ang a'a pa'a

pen("#-

Pen("# +en$a'ar" ,a&)a +a%a(a& "n" ,an$a% +e+"("%" %e%rangan ata %e#a(a&an *,a"%

'ar" #eg""#"n$a*,a&a#a*ana("#"# 'an (a"n #e,aga"n$a *nt% "t #aran*%r"t"%*'an per,a"%an $ang

+e+,angn 'ar" pe+,aa 'engan #enang &at" pen("# ter"+a '""r"ng" apan ter"+a%a#"&

-Pen("# ,er&arap #e+ga +a%a(a& "n" ,an$a% ,er+anaat ,ag" para pe+,aa -

Pen$#n


3/15

BAB 1

PENDAHULUAN

1-1-LATAR BELAKANG

A(a+ #e+e#ta ter"pta 'engan pr#e# $ang a+at r+"t 'an +engag+%an- Se(r&

+a%&(% &"'p $ang a'a '" 'a(a+n$a #a("ng ,er%r'"na#" +e+,ant #e,a& %er!a#a+a $ang

(ar,"a#a- Man#"a a'a(a& +a%&(% $ang #angat ,ergantng 'engan a(a+ 'an #e%"tarn$a-

Ke,t&an +an#"a #ea%an t"'a% 'apat '"(epa#%an (e& perana(an #e,aga" penn!ang %e#ta,"(an*

ter+a#% %e,t&an +an#"a $ang #e+a%"n ,erane%araga+ terta+a 'a(a+ &a (%e,t&anan

("#tr"%-

L"#tr"% +erpa%an #at +atan $ang ter'"r" 'ar" +atan p#"t" 'an +atan negat" * '"+ana

#e,a& ,en'a a%an '"%ata%an +e+"("% "energ" ("#tr"% apa,"(a #at ,en'a "t +e+pn$a

per,e'aan !+(a& +atan-#e'ang%an +atan $ang 'apat ,erp"n'a& a'a(a& +atan negat"3e 'ar"

#e,a& ,en'a*,erp"n'a&n$a +atan negate "n "'"#e,a,%an (e& ,er+aa+ ga$a ata energ"*

+"##a( energ$ gera%*energ$ pana# '#,-perp"n'a&an +atan negat" "n"(a& $ang '"#e,t 'engan

energ$ ("#tr"%-%arena #at ,en'a a%an #enant"a#a +e+perta&an%an %ea'aan netra( ata #e"+,ang

antara +atan p#"t" 'an +atan negat"3e- Se&"ngga apa,"(a !+(a& +atan p#"t" (e,"& ,e#ar

'ar" +atan negat"3e* +a%a ,en'a ter#e,t +enar" +atan negat"3e nt% +enapa" %ea'aan

#e"+,ang-

L"#tr"% +e+"("%" ,e#aran4,e#aran '"antaran$a #e,aga" ,er"%t :

1- Tegangan Listrik

Tegangan ("#tr"% $a"t per,e'aan pten#"a( ("#tr"% antara 'a t"t"% 'a(a+ rang%a"an ("#tr"%*

'an '"n$ata%an 'a(a+ #atan 3(t- Be#aran "n" +eng%r energ$ pten#"a( 'ar" #e,a&

+e'an ("#tr"% $ang +enga%",at%an a'an$a a("ran ("#tr"% 'a(a+ #e,a& %n'%tr ("#tr"%-

Tergantng pa'a per,e'aan pten#"a( ("#tr"%n$a* #at tegangan ("#tr"% 'apat '"%ata%an

#e,aga" e%#tra ren'a&* ren'a&* t"ngg" ata e%#tra t"ngg"- Seara 'e"n"#" tegangan ("#tr"%

+en$e,a,%an ,$e% ,er+atan ("#tr"% negat"3e tertar"% 'ar" te+pat ,ertegangan ren'a&

+en! te+pat ,ertegangan (e,"& t"ngg"- Se&"ngga ara& ar# ("#tr"% %n3en#"na( '" 'a(a+

#at %n'%tr +enga("r 'ar" tegangan t"ngg" +en! tegangan ren'a&-


4/15

2- Arus Listrik

Ar# ("#tr"% a'a(a& ,an$a%n$a +atan ("#tr"% $ang '"#e,a,%an 'ar" pergera%an e(e%trn4

e(e%trn* +enga("r +e(a(" #at t"t"% 'a(a+ #"r%"t ("#tr"% t"ap #atan )a%t- Ar# ("#tr"%

'apat '"%r 'a(a+ #atan (+,'et"% ata A+pere- 6nt& ar# ("#tr"% 'a(a+

%e&"'pan #e&ar"4&ar" ,er%"#ar 'ar" $ang #angat (e+a& 'a(a+ #atan +"%r A+pere

#epert" '" 'a(a+ !ar"ngan t,& &"ngga ar# $ang #angat %at 14200 %"( A+pere #epert"

$ang ter!a'" pa'a pet"r- Da(a+ %e,an$a%an #"r%"t ar# #eara& 'apat '"a#+#"%an

re#"#tan#" ter&ap ar# ("#tr"% a'a(a& %n#tan #e&"ngga ,e#aran ar# $ang +enga("r 'a(a+

#"r%"t ,ergantng pa'a 3(ta,e#e 'an re#"#tan#" #e#a" 'engan &%+ &+-

1-2 RUMUSAN MASALAH

Ber'a#ar%an (atar ,e(a%ang '"ata# * a'apn r+#an +a#a(a& $ang a%an '",a&a# #e,aga"

,er"%t :

17- 8e(a#%an $ang '"+a%#' 'engan ("#tr"% 9

27- 8e(a#%an !en"#4!en"# ,e#aran ("#tr"% 9

7- Apa %egnaan ("#tr"% nt% %e&"'pan #e&ar"4&ar" 9
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JEc_f4Ilupc/UuNZPjDEEQI/AAAAAAAAABI/61BbKkJQZWY/s1600/lkj.jpg


5/15

1- TU8UAN PERUMUSAN

Ber'a#ar%an r+#an +a#a(a& '"ata# * a'a !ga t!an pen("#an #e,aga" ,er"%t :

17- L"#tr"% +erpa%an #at +atan $ang ter'"r" 'ar" +atan p#"t" 'an +atan negat"

*'"+ana #e,a& ,en'a a%an '"%ata%an +e+"("%" enenrg" ("#tr"% apa,"(a #at ,en'a "t+e+pn$a" per,e'aan !en"# +atan -

27- 8en"#4!en"# ,e#aran ("#tr"% a'a ,an$a% nt&n$a :

ar#*tegangan*'a$a*re#"#tan#"*"n'%tan#"*%apa#"tan#"*re%en#"

7- L"#tr"% #angat pent"ng nt% %e,t&an #e&ar"4&ar" %arena ("#tr"% +e+pn$a" ,an$a%

ng#" 'a(a+ %e&"'pan #e&ar"4&ar" nt&n$a : +enntn T;*+engea#& HP*'((

1-< +anaat pen("#an

1-Bag" Pen("#

4 Unt% +ena+,a& )a)a#an

4Unt% +engeta&" $ang '"+a%#' 'engan ("#tr"%

2-Bag" Se%(a&

4Unt% +ena+,a& )a)a#an para #"#)a-

4Unt% +ena+,a& reeren#" para #"#)a 'an gr nt% 'apat +eng&e+at ("#tr"% -

-Bag" Ma#$ara%at

4 Unt% +ena+,a& )a)a#an-4 Ma#$ara%at t"'a% +e+,t&%an ,"a$a ,an$a% nt% penggnaan ("#tr"% -


6/15

BAB II

PEMBAHASAN

2-1 PENGERTIAN PLTA

PLTA a'a(a& pe+,ang%"t ("#tr"% tenaga ang"n nt% +e+,at +an#"a nt%

+enger!a%an #at pe%er!aan $ang #("t +en!a'" ga+pang - nt&$a #a$a +e+,at PLTA

tenaga ang"n nt% +en$a(a%an (a+p * pe%er!aan "n" +e+ang #("t '"%er!a%an %arena

+e+,t&%an )a%t $ang aga% ,an$a% nt% +e+,atn$a -

PLTA +e+pn$a" ng#" 'an +anaat $a"t +eng&e+at ("#tr"% 'an +e+anaat%an

,arang ,e%a# $ang t"'a% terpa%a" +en!a'" te%n(g" gna %reat" $ang ,an$a% +anaan$a -

Barang ,e%a# $ang #'a& t"'a% '"pa%a" %a+" ,er"%"r nt% '"!a'"%an PLTA DARI BOTOL

BEKAS-#e%arang ,t( $ang '",ang 'an t"'a% terpa%a" #e%arang ,"#a '"!a'"%an te%n(g" gna

%reat"

BENTUK PLTA DARI BOTOL BEKAS

PLTA +erpa%an pe+,ang%"t ("#tr"% tenaga ang"n $ang tent +eng&a#"(%an +atan ("#tr"%

nt% +en$a(a%an #at ,en'a $ang +enggna%an ("#tr"% nt&n$a (a+p - %a+" +e+,at

pe+,ang%"t ("#tr"% nt% +en$a(a%an (a+p pe+,a&a#an "n" a%an '",a&a# '",a)a& nant" -

2-2 6ARA MEMBUAT PLTA DARI BOTOL MINERAL


7/15

ALAT DAN BAHAN :

1. Penggar"#

2. Gnt"ng

3. O,eng P(# =P#"t"7

4. 8ang%a-

5. 6tter-

6. Pen#"(-

7. Pa%-

8. I#(a#" =E(etr"a( Tape7* Mer% M $ang ,ag#-

9. A+p(a#*

10. Ratan Pen#"(-

11. A;O +eter-

12. G(e Gn =Pene+,a% Le+7 %a( a'a ="n" t"'a% )a!",7-

Bahan

1 ,t( +"nera( ,e%a# ,er%ran 1*5 ("ter* nt& +er% A>UA-

1 papan ,er,a&an ,a% p($)'* part"(e ,ar' ,er%ran 25 + ? 1< + 'engan

%ete,a(an 2 +-


8/15

120 +eter =%"ra4%"ra7 %a,e( +agnet- Be(" '" t% e(e%trn"% ata g(ng '"na+ p+pa a"r

ata !et p+p-

1 La+p LED-

< ,a& +agnet ,er,ent% p"p"& %e"(* %a( ,"#a ,er,ent% ,n'ar-

< ,a& "n"n $ang ,"a#an$a ,erpa#angan 'engan +r 'an ,at- Be(" '" t% #epe'a ata

#epe'a +tr-

1 %a$ ,er,ent% #t"% %ta% =,a&a#a "nggr"# @ ')e(7 ,er%ran 2 ? 0+ nt% tep"

%anan 'an %"r" 'an penga"t tep" %anan 'an %"r" nt% pen$angga pr# tr,"n ang"n ,ag"an

ata#-

1 %a$ ,er,ent% #t"% ,n'ar +"r"p pen#"( tetap" pan!ang ,er%ran 0 + =rn'

)'en ')e(7 #e,aga" pr# ptar 'ar" tr,"n ang"n-

Screw Eye* %a( '" In'ne#"a4%an a'a(a& penga"t nt% gantngan ,a! $ang +"r"p %a"(

"%an* #e#a"%an 'engan #t"% ,n'ar +"r"p pen#"(* '"a+etern$a &ar# (e,"& (e,ar agar #t"%

,n'ar $ang ,erng#" #e,aga" pr# tr,"n ,"#a ,erptar '" 'a(a+ Screw eye- Screw eye

a'a(a& pen$angga pr# tr,"n ,ag"an ata#-

Mr rn"ng nt% '" pa#ang %e papan %a$- 6ar" +r p(# =7 aga% ,e#ar* nant" '"pa#ang

pa%a" ,eng p(# =7- Mr "n" #e,aga" pen$angga pr# tr,"n ,ag"an ,a)a&-

Kar'# apa #a!a* #e'"%"t %%* +"#a( %ar'# "n'+"e* '"pa%a" #e,aga" pentp tr,"n

,ag"an ata# 'an ,a)a& #erta nt% +e+,at g(ngan %a,e(-

Le+ p(a#t"%%a$-

Desain Kerangka Poros Turin Angin

17 Ga+,ar pa'a %erta#* "n" a'a(a& ranangan papan

te+pat tr,"n '" pa#ang '" tenga&* 'engan pr#

tega%3ert"%a( 'ar" #t"% ,(at =+"r"p pen#"(7 '"pa#ang

'" tenga&4tenga& ("ng%aran- 2 Kta% ,!r #ang%ar '"

tep" %anan4%"r" a'a(a& te+pat #t"% %ta% '" pa#ang

nt% +en$angga& pr# pa'a ,ag"an ata#-
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-USO8esnF2MQ/T21NcPddmFI/AAAAAAAAARE/ZIfv0JL7kZI/s1600/1_konstruksi_papan.JPG


9/15

27 Pa#ang +r pa'a t"t"% tenga& ("ng%aran- Mr #e,aga" (an'a#an 'ar" pr# ,a)a& #aat ,erptar-

Mr +en!aga agar pr# ,erptar pa'a te+patn$a* t"'a% #a+pa" ,ergera% %e %anan %e %"r"*

apa(ag" #a+pa" #e("p %e(ar 'ar" +r-

7 St"% %ta% 0 +* '" pa#ang 3ert"%a( '" #e,e(a& %"r" 'an %anan papan #e,aga" pen$angga&

pr# tenga&-
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GQQK1gIvDTM/T21O5IAH9kI/AAAAAAAAARU/uuVABefptvk/s1600/3_penyanggah_poros_atas.JPGhttp://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HZ-RhVVi4K8/T21OTEiNVsI/AAAAAAAAARM/t2gUp515nT4/s1600/2_konstruksi_poros.JPG


10/15


11/15

7 Sete(a& 2 #t"% 0 + terpa#ang 3ert"%a(* (a( #"ap%an #t"% 20 + 'an tan'a" tenga&4n$a

#e,aga" te+pat pr# tr,"n pa'a ,ag"an ata#-

C7 La( a+,"( pr# 'engan ,ent% ,(at- 6,a +a#%an #re) e$e =%a"t gantngan ,a!7 %e

'a(a+ pr#- Ket"%a '" +a#%%an* %ran '"a+eter #re) e$e &ar# (e,"& ,e#ar tap" !anganter(a( (nggar !ga agar pr# tr,"n ,"#a ,erptar 'engan ,a"%-
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-veqpMC2aVlY/T21v4ak38JI/AAAAAAAAASE/_mV5UT-RqA8/s1600/7_dowel_penahan_poros_atas.JPGhttp://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ilyUMcn7Bu4/T21vQl8ZikI/AAAAAAAAAR8/ijaG_hAqIDY/s1600/6_titik_tengah_poros_atas.JPG


12/15

7 Pa#ang #re) e$e pa'a #t"% %a$ #'a& '"tan'a" t"t"% tenga&n$a- St"% %a$ "n" nant"n$a a%an

'"(eta%an '" ata# nt% +en$angga& pr# tr,"n ,ag"an ata#-

7 Rat #a(a& #at !ng pr# 'engan ratan pen#"(- U!ng pr# $ang (an"p '" pa#ang '"

,ag"an ,a)a&* per#"# '" ata# +r p(# =7-
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-a2Z0xtvXZM0/T21w8bIEzII/AAAAAAAAASU/S0IM4jnsMSE/s1600/9_raut_ujung_poros_bawah.JPGhttp://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Fa2_r9_9fhw/T21whV8iDaI/AAAAAAAAASM/126G6c9LwRk/s1600/8_pasang_dowel_di_tengah.JPG


13/15

107 U%r p#"#" t"ngg" #t"% %ta% %a$ peng&,ng antara pen$angga& %anan 'an %"r"* %"ra4%"ra

t"ngg"n$a 2 +-

117 Re%at%an #t"% %a$ pa'a t"t"% $ang te(a& '"tan'a" pa'a !ng pen$angga& %anan 'an %"r"-
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HsGkHUH_w48/T21yVD1ho8I/AAAAAAAAASs/KFW4GSmKMPM/s1600/11_rekatkan_penahan_poros_atas.JPGhttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FFxkCndkA7A/T21xhk8K-VI/AAAAAAAAASc/6CUBlMhrOfk/s1600/10_ukur_penahan_poros_atas_28cm.JPG


14/15

127 Kerang%a Tr,"n ang"n te(a& #e(e#a" '",at- Pa#t"%an pr# ,er,ent% #pt pen#"( 'engan!ng ,a)a& (an"p ,"#a ,erptar 'engan (anar- Se(an!tn$a a'a(a& ,ag"an "n#ta(a#" 6"( 'an

Statr-
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4T0n9Cn-9cE/T21x0TbIGbI/AAAAAAAAASk/J9hMmVTxiek/s1600/11_Kerangka_Turbin_Angin.JPG


15/15

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