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SEMINAR 1

MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTION

1.1. DEFINITION OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE. OBJECT OF

STUDYThere are over 140 definitions of management. There can be no

universally accepted definition of management, it is both science and art practice.Management Science has crystallized recently, through the efforts of a number of specialists in response to urgent needs of social practice. Much of the definitionaccepts that management is a process. In this respect Americans Reece andO'Grady says that "management is a process of coordination and combination of human, financial, and informational materials to meet the primary goal, namely toobtain goods and services required by a particular market segment." Other definitions accept the science of management techniques and management of enterprise management.

Romanian literature management is defined as "science which ensuresmanagement of all processes within economic units in all their functions, havingfore man's participation motivated to achieve objectives". Michael Dumitrescuwhile designing management as "a tangible form of intellectual activity withdefined goals." Another definition is that given the A.S.E. Bucharest that"management is the establishment and achievement of goals by achieving thefive core functions of leadership in human resources, financial and materialbelonging to an organization". For the purpose of the current management has atriple meaning:-managing the process,-management as a decision maker (an individual or group of individuals investedwith authority, responsibility and liability management function in anorganization),-management as a science.

 A definition of economic management is that "management is studying theeconomic and management relations in the economic organizations in order todiscover legalities and principles that govern the design of new systems,methods, techniques and management, which would ensure efficiency. "Specific

elements of science to economic management is the processes andmanagement relations. They are different economic, have certain specialcharacteristics which give management a strong specificity. By studying theseelements are found laws, principles, rules and other elements that explain thecontent management. Given the applicability of management has a major role isdesigning new systems and management techniques. They are tools available tomanagers to increase efficiency. A specific feature is the location in the center of 

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investigations of man, as subject and object of management against theobjectives incumbent organization under which it is integrated.

1.2. MANAGEMENT SCIENCE, ART WORK AND

PRAGMATIC

Management is science that deals with studying the processes andmanagement relations in the economic organizations in order to discover legalities and principles that govern the design of new systems, methods,techniques and management, such as to ensure efficiency. Management is thepractice that the legitimate and practical business management principles serve.Management Science is the practical application of scientific management.Scientific management is a set of processes by which theoretical andmethodological elements of science are applied in social practice management.Scientific management is a practical and concrete. He is working daily operatingmanagers at all hierarchical levels of economic activity. But what managers do isscientific management, but only that part which is based on knowledge and

application of theoretical and methodological elements provided by ManagementScience, the other representing an empirical management, managementdeveloped based on experience, intuition, flair.Management is art because it involves an art of stewardship talents of others,that art to bring about some things with people, art of putting others to do the job.F. Taylor say that management is "the art of knowing exactly what should bedone better and cheaper, smarter motivating human resources." Management isthe art of leading people to report inter-and multi-personal interaction thatappears as an objective necessity due to its hierarchical structures specificcompany. The manager must know the next technical characteristics and specifichuman resources can never be known with precision that can be known technical

and material resources.The essence of management lies in the fact that art to shape the actions andbehavior of people and headed for the decisions. Human resources are notautomatically subject to strict laws, because one can see human motivation(interests, aspirations, ideals) that differ in greater or lesser human behavior andactions of the objectives pursued. Hence the strong determination of the contentmanagement of the human factor. Therefore both the theory and managementpractice becomes a dimension whose artistic expression depends on experienceand leadership skills of managers, which makes the management to be one of the most difficult areas. As a manager must know to understand human nature,to fail to define and solve problems in many practical situations involving people.