gemeinshafdt ppt

7/27/2019 gemeinshafdt ppt

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Prepared by : Ruth Ann P. Tiu

GEMEINSHAFT and

GESSELCHAFT


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Ferdinand Tnnies

Main points

A Biographical SketchThe system of the sociology

Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft

(1855-1936)


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A Biographical Sketch 1855,born ,26 July,Oldenswort in the duchy of Schleswig 1865,his family moved to Husum,where his father took up merchantbanking. 1867,he entered the local grammar school ,studied Greek,Latin andGerman calssical literature. 1871-77,studied at the universities of Strasbourg, Jena, Leipzig,Berlin, Kiel and Tubingen. 1881,An early version of Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft submittedas his Habilitationsschrift at university of Kiel. 1887,first edition of Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft was published. 1913,his first permanent chair,a professorship of economic

political science,at the university of Kiel. 1932,joined the social democratic party to support resistance tothe rise of fascism. 1936,he died in Kiel.


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Community and society

In 1887, Ferdinand Tonnies, aGerman sociologist, introduced in theWest one of the more enduring and

effective ways of understandingsocial change. He proposed that weunderstand social change bydistinguishing between communities

and societies. For him


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1) Gemeinschaft (community):characterized country village,

people in rural village have anessential unity of purpose, worktogether for the common good,

united by ties of family (kinship)and neighbourhood,


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land worked communally byinhabitants, social life characterized

by intimate, private and exclusive

living together, members bound by

common language and traditions,

recognized common goods and evils,

common friends and enemies, senseof we-ness or our-ness, humane


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2) Gesellschaft (association):characterized large city, city life is amechanical aggregate characterized bydisunity, rampant individualism andselfishness, meaning of existenceshifts from group to individual, rational,calculating, each person understood interms of a particular role and service

provided;


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deals with the artificial construction

of an aggregate of human beingswhich superficially resembles the

Gemeinschaft in so far as the

individuals peacefully live togetheryet whereas in Gemeinschaft people

are united in spite of all separating

factors, in Gesellschaft people areseparated in spite of all uniting

factors


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Three types of Gemeinschaftrelationships

1.1) Kinship Gemeinschaft is based onFamily; the strongest relationship beingbetween mother and child, thenhusband and wife, and then siblings.Gemeinschaft also exists betweenfather and child, but this relationship isless instinctual than that of mother and

child. However, the father-childrelationship is the originalmanifestation of authority withinGemeinschaft.


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1.2) Kinship develops and

differentiates into the Gemeinschaft of

Locality, which is based on a common

habitat


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1.3) There is also Friendship, orGemeinschaft of the mind, whichrequires a common mental

community (eg: religion).


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Gemeinschaft (traditional small community)

People cooperate witheach other very closely

This behavior beingdetermined by kinshipties

This behavior reinforced

by the social controls oftheir neighbors and ofthe church


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Gesellschaft (modern urban society)

Individuals act for their ownself-interest Cooperating only as much as

required by Laws

Contracts Public opinion that constrains

their actions

In the society of his time, heperceived that small, close,traditional family-orientedcommunities were being graduallysuperseded by large andimpersonal cities.
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community Spontaneous Closeness of holistic social relationships said to be

found in pre-industrial communities .and associated with moral

worth.

Exists by the subjective or essential will of the members:the veryexistence of Gemeinschaft rests in the consciousness of belonging

together and the affirmation of the condition of mutual

dependence community based on mutual aid and trust shared togetherness

E.g.families, neighbourhoods

communities were units in which people lived together and were

characterized by intimacy and privacy.


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Examples of communities were the family, kinship groups,

friendship networks, and neighborhoods.

There exists a community of language of folkways,ormores ,or of beliefs.

there exists a community of ownship in fields,forest,and

pasture.

community is old ,in rural ,people is stronger and morealive;it is the lasting and genuine form of living together.

there are three community:community of locality;community

of mind;community of kinship.


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The problems of cities

Crowding

TransportationDeath rates were higher than in rural

areas

Developing adequate supplies of waterand systems of waste disposal

Crime prevention

Marketing facilities

Urban Problems


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Distinction between community andsociety is important in understanding thecomplex confusion of ideas aroundcommunity studies.

Underlies almost all sociological debate inthis field.

Concept of community is fundamental to

the world.

A t


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Assessment

gemeinshafdt ppt

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