kejahatan korporasi tinjauan perspektif restoratif

7/21/2019 Kejahatan Korporasi Tinjauan Perspektif Restoratif

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KEJAHATAN KORPORASI MASA KINI DAN YANG AKAN DATANG: TINJAUAN

PERSPEKTIF RESTORATIF

Dedi Vitriyanto

Mahasiswa Pasca Sarjana Kajian Ilm K!"#lisian

Uni$!rsi%as Inn!sia' Ja(ar%a

Email : $i%ri)an%#&!&i*)ah##+c#m

Abstrak

Korporasi sebagai badan hukum sudah tentu memiliki identitas hukum tersendiri. Identitas hukum suatu korporasi atau

perusahaan terpisah dari identitas hukum para pemegang sahamnya, direksi, maupun organ-organ lainnya. Dalam kaidah

hukum perdata (civil law), jelas ditetapkan bahwa suatu korporasi atau badan hukum merukapan subjek hukum perdata dapat

melakukan aktivitas jual beli, dapat membuat perjanjian atau kontrak dengan pihak lain, serta dapat menuntut dan dituntut di

pengadilan dalam hubungan keperdataan. ara pemegang saham menikmati keuntungan yang diperoleh dari konsep tanggung

jawab terbatas, dan kegiatan korporasi berlangsung terus-menerus, dalam arti bahwa keberadaannya tidak akan berubah

meskipun ada penambahan anggota-anggota ,ar a%a ,!rh!n%in)a a%a m!nin--aln)a an--#%a.an--#%a )an- a&a+ Namn

sam"ai saa% ini' (#ns!"pertanggungjawaban pidana oleh korporasi sebagai pribadi (corporate criminal liability) merupakan hal

yang masih mengundang perdebatan. !anyak pihak yang tidak mendukung pandangan bahwa suatu korporsi yang wujudnya

semu dapat melakukan suatu tindak kejahatan serta memiliki criminal intent yang melahirkan pertanggungjawaban pidana.

Disamping itu, mustahil untuk dapat menghadirkan di korporasi dengan "isik yang sebenarnya dalam ruang pengadilan dan

duduk di kursi terdakwa guna menjalani proses peradilan. !aik dalam sistem hukum common law maupun civil law, sangat sulit

untuk dapat mengatribusikan suatu bentuk tindakan tertentu (actus reus atau guilty act)serta membuktikan unsur mens rea

(criminal intent atau guilty mind) dari suatu entitas abstrak seperti korporasi. Di Indonesia, meskipun undang-undang diatas

dapat dijadikan sebagai landasan hukum untuk membebankan criminal liability terhadap korporasi, namun engadilan idana

sampai saat ini terkesan enggan untuk mengakui dan mempergunakan peraturan-peraturan tersebut. #al ini dapat dilihat dari

sedikitnya kasus-kasus kejahatan korporasi di pengadilan dan tentu saja berdampak pada sangat sedikitnya keputusan

pengadilan berkaitan dengan kejahatan korporasi.$kibatnya, tidak ada acuan yang dapat dijadikan sebagai preseden bagi

lingkungan peradilan di Indonesia. Dua kasus yang muncul di peradilan sampai dengan saat ini hanya berkaitan dengan

pelanggaran lingkungan hidup.endekatan restorati" dipandang sangat e"ekti" dalam menanggulangi tindak pidana korporasi

oleh karena konsep yang ditawarkan dalam pendekatan restorati" adalah di samping proses penyelesaiannya lebih cepat dan

sederhana, juga dapat meniadakan e"ek samping yang pada umumnya sering terjadi dalam implementasi pendekatan represi"

retributi". enerapan pendekatan restorati" sebagai suatu alternati" dalam menyelesaikan tindak pidana khususnya bagi tindak

pidana korporasi sebagai suatu kebijakan baru dalam sistem hukum pidana Indonesia dapat ber"ungsi melengkapi kebijakan

sistem peradilan pidana yang ada.

Kata kunci : korporasi, identitas hukum, c#r"#ra%! criminal lia,ili%), ac%s r!s a%a -il%) ac%' criminal

in%!n% a%a -il%) min&' !n%i%as a,s%ra(' r!"r!si/ r!%ri,%i/' "!n&!(a%an r!s%#ra%i/+

Dedi Vitriyanto/KIK-UI Angk XVIII Page 1
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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I. PENDAHULUAN

K#r"#rasi m!r"a(an is%ilah )an- ,iasa &i-na(an #l!h "ara ahli h(m "i&ana &an

(rimin#l#-i n%( m!n)!,% a"a )an- &alam ,i&an- h(m lain' (hssn)a ,i&an- h(m

"!r&a%a s!,a-ai ,a&an h(m' a%a &alam ,ahasa ,!lan&a &is!,% r!ch%"!rs##n a%a &alam,ahasa In--ris &!n-an is%ilah l!-al "!rs#n a%a l!-al ,#&)+ P!n-!r%ian s,j!( h(m "a&a

"#(#(n)a a&alah mansia &an s!-ala s!sa% )an- ,!r&asar(an %n%%an (!,%han mas)ara(a%'

)an- #l!h h(m &ia(i s!,a-ai "!n&(n- ha( &an (!waji,an+ P!n-!r%ian )an- (!&a inilah

)an- &inama(an ,a&an h(m+0

K!jaha%an (#r"#rasi 1corporate crime2 m!r"a(an salah sa% wacana )an- %im,l

&!n-an s!ma(in majn)a (!-ia%an "!r!(!n#mian &an %!(n#l#-i+ %orporate crime ,(anlah

,aran- ,ar' m!lain(an ,aran- lama )an- s!nan%iasa ,!r-an%i (!masan+ Ti&a( a&a )an- &a"a%

m!n)an-(al ,ahwa "!r(!m,an-an 3aman s!r%a (!majan "!ra&a,an &an %!(n#l#-i %r% &is!r%ai

&!n-an "!r(!m,an-an %in&a( (!jaha%an ,!rs!r%a (#m"l!(si%asn)a+ Di sisi lain' (!%!n%an

H(m Pi&ana )an- ,!rla( &i Inn!sia ,!lm &a"a% m!njan-(an)a &an s!nan%iasa

(!%in--alan n%( m!rms(ann)a+ Salah sa% c#n%#hn)a a&alah Tin&a( Pi&ana P!nccian Uan-

1money laundering2 )an- ,ar &i(riminalisasi s!cara r!smi "a&a %ahn 4554+ 6#n%#h lain a&alah

(!jaha%an &nia ma)a a%a cyber crime )an- sam"ai &!n-an saa% ini "!n-a%rann)a masih

m!n-n&an- %an&a %an)a+ A(i,a%n)a' ,an)a( ,!rmnclan %in&a(an.%in&a(an a%a (ass.(assill!-al' namn %i&a( &a"a% &i(a%!-#ri(an s!,a-ai crime.

4

Tin&a( "i&ana 1crime2 &a"a% &ii&!n%i/i(asi &!n-an %im,ln)a (!r-ian 1harm2' )an-

(!m&ian m!n-a(i,a%(an lahirn)a "!r%an--n-jawa,an "i&ana a%a criminal liability.7 Yan-

"a&a -ilirann)a m!n-n&an- "!r&!,a%an a&alah ,a-aimana "!r%an--n-jawa,an (#r"#rasi a%a

corporate liabilitym!n-in-a% ,ahwa &i &alam Ki%a, Un&an-.n&an- H(m Pi&ana 1KUHP2

Inn!sia )an- &ian--a" s!,a-ai s,)!( h(m "i&ana han)alah #ran- "!rs!#ran-an &alam

(#n#%asi ,i#l#-is )an- alami 1naturlijkee person2+

0 h%%":88r!"#si%#r)+s+ac+i&8,i%s%r!am80479;8700==8786ha"%!r?45II4 Sin--ih'Kejahatan Korporasi yang &engerikan' Psa% S%&i H(m @isnis Fa(l%as H(m Uni$!rsi%as P!li%a Hara"an' Tan-!ran-' 455'

Hal+ >7

H)man Gr#ss' $ 'heory o" %riminal ustice' O/#r& Uni$!rsi%) Pr!ss' N!w Y#r(' 0>' hal+009+



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Di sam"in- i%' KUHP j-a masih m!n-an% asas sociates delinuere non potest &imana

,a&an h(m a%a (#r"#rasi &ian--a" %i&a( &a"a% m!la((an %in&a( "i&ana+9

Ji(a s!an&ain)a

(!-ia%an a%a a(%i$i%as )an- &ila((an n%( &an a%as nama sa% (#r"#rasi %!r,(%i

m!n-a(i,a%(an (!r-ian &an hars &i,!ri(an san(si' sia"a )an- a(an ,!r%an--n-jawa, B

A"a(ah "ri,a&i (#r"#rasi i% s!n&iri a%a "ara "!n-rsn)a B A%as &asar "!mi(iran %!rs!,%'

"!nlis m!milih j&l ma(alah CKejahatan Korporasi masa kini dan yang akan datang:

Tinjauan Perspektif Restoratif &!n-an %jan n%( m!n&!%!(si sam"ai s!jah mana(ah

(!jaha%an (#r"#rasi %!rs!,% &a"a% &i%an-ani &!n-an "!n&!(a%an r!s%#ra%i/' )an- %in&a( "i&ana

%!rs!,% &ila((an #l!h &an #l!h "!-awai a%a (ar)awan' (ar!na i% &a"a% &i,!,an(an "a&a sa%

(#r"#rasi (ar!na a(%i$i%as.a(%i$i%as "!-awai a%a (ar)awann)a' )an- s!rin- j-a &is!,% s!,a-ai

(!jaha%an (!rah "%ihC

1.1 Kejahatan Korporasi

@lac(s aw Dic%i#nar) m!n)!,%(an (!jaha%an (#r"#rasi a%a corporate crime a&alah any

criminal o""ense committed by and hence chargeable to a corporation because o" activities o" its

o""icers or employees (e.g., price "i*ing, to*ic waste dumping), o"ten re"erred to as +white collar

crime. K!jaha%an (#r"#rasi a&alah %in&a( "i&ana )an- &ila((an #l!h &an #l!h (ar!na i%

&a"a% &i,!,an(an "a&a sa% (#r"#rasi (ar!na a(%i$i%as.a(%i$i%as "!-awai a%a (ar)awann)a

1s!"!r%i "!n!%a"an har-a' "!m,an-an lim,ah2' s!rin- j-a &is!,% s!,a-ai (!jaha%an (!rah

"%ihC+

Sall)+ A+ Sim"s#n )an- m!n-%i" "!n&a"a% J#hn @rai%hwai%! m!n)a%a(an (!jaha%an (#r"#rasi

a&alah conduct o" a corporation, or employees acting on behal" o" a corporation, which is

proscribed and punishable by law+C;

9Rsmana'SH'ertanggungjawaban Korporasi dalam 'indak idana erikanan' h%%":88www+s#lsih(m+c#m8ar%i(!l8ar%i(!l9+"h"

H!nr) 6am",!ll @lac(' !lacks aw Dictionary, !s% P,lishin- 6#+' S%+ Pal' Minn!ss#%a' 0>>5' hal+ 77>+

;Sall) S+ Sim"s#n' S%ra%!-)' S%rc%r! an& 6#r"#ra%! 6rim!' 9 A&$anc!s in 6rimin#l#-ical Th!#r) 0>72+

http://www.solusihukum.com/artikel/artikel45.phphttp://www.solusihukum.com/artikel/artikel45.php


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Sim"s#n m!n)a%a(an ,ahwa a&a %i-a i&! "#(#( &ari &!/inisi @rai%hwai%! m!n-!nai

(!jaha%an (#r"#rasi+ertama' %in&a(an il!-al &ari (#r"#rasi &an a-!n.a-!nn)a ,!r,!&a &!n-an

"!rila( (riminal (!las s#si#.!(#n#mi ,awah &alam hal "r#s!&r a&minis%rasi+ Kar!nan)a' )an-

&i-#l#n-(an (!jaha%an (#r"#rasi %i&a( han)a %in&a(an (!jaha%an a%as h(m "i&ana' %!%a"i j-a

"!lan--aran a%as h(m "!r&a%a &an a&minis%rasi+ Kedua' ,ai( (#r"#rasi 1s!,a-ai s,)!(

h(m "!r#ran-an legal persons2 &an "!rwa(ilann)a %!rmas( s!,a-ai "!la( (!jaha%an 1as

illegal actors2' &imana &alam "ra(%!( )&isialn)a' ,!r-an%n- "a&a an%ara lain (!jaha%an )an-

&ila((an' a%ran &an (ali%as "!m,(%ian &an "!nn%%an+ Ketiga' m#%i$asi (!jaha%an )an-

&ila((an (#r"#rasi ,(an ,!r%jan n%( (!n%n-an "ri,a&i' m!lain(an "a&a "!m!nhan

(!,%han &an "!nca"aian (!n%n-an #r-anisasi#nal+ Ti&a( m!n%" (!mn-(inan m#%i/

%!rs!,% &i%#"an- "la #l!h n#rma #"!rasi#nal 1in%!rnal2 &an s,.(l%r #r-anisasi#nal+

S!hin--a' ji(a KUHP

Inn!sia saa% ini %i&a( ,isa &ija&i(an s!,a-ai lan&asan n%( "!r%an--n-jawa,an "i&ana #l!h

(#r"#rasi' namn han)a &imn-(in(an "!r%an--n-jawa,an #l!h "!n-rs (#r"#rasi+ Hal ini

,isa (i%a liha% &alam "asal 7>= KUHP )an- m!n)a%a(an ,ahwa ji(a s!#ran- "!n-rs a%a

(#misaris "!rs!r#an %!r,a%as' mas(a"ai an&il Inn!sia a%a "!r(m"lan (#r"#rasi )an-

&in)a%a(an &alam (!a&aan "aili% a%a )an- &i"!rin%ah(an "!n)!l!saian #l!h "!n-a&ilan' &iancam

&!n-an "i&ana "!njara "alin- lama sa% %ahn 9 ,lan: 0+ ji(a )an- ,!rsan-(%an %r% m!m,an%

a%a m!n-i3in(an n%( m!la((an "!r,a%an."!r,a%an )an- ,!r%!n%an-an &!n-an an--aran

&asar' s!hin--a #l!h (ar!na i% s!lrh a%a s!,a-ian ,!sar &ari (!r-ian &i&!ri%a #l!h "!rs!r#an'

mas(a"ai' a%a "!r(m"lan+ 1&an s!%!rsn)a2+

Di @!lan&a s!n&iri' s!,a-ai %!m"a% asal KUHP Inn!sia' "a&a %an--al 47 Jni 0>


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Ji(a (i%a m!liha% "ra(%!( )an- &i%!ra"(an &i @!lan&a s!,!lm "!r%an--n-.jawa,an

"i&ana (#r"#rasi &i%!%a"(an &alam KUHP @!lan&a' s!,a-aimana &is!,%(an #l!h R!mm!lin(

&alam ,(n)a #ukum idana 0 Komentar atas asal-asal 'erpenting dari Kitab ndang-

ndang #ukum idana !elanda dan adanannya dalam Kita ndang-ndang #ukum idana

Indonesia' &alam ,i&an- h(m "i&ana /is(al a%a !(#n#mi' &i%!m(an (!mn-(inan m!nn%%

"!r%an--njawa,an "i&ana %!rha&a" (#r"#rasi+ Pan&an-an ini ,ah(an s&ah &i(!nal lama

s!,!lm KUHP @!lan&a &i,a%+ Hal ini &imn-(in(an &!n-an m!m"!r%im,an-(an (!"!n%in-an

"ra(%is+ Dari s&% "an&an- ini' h(m "i&ana &a"a% &!n-an m&ah m!la((an "!rj(an "a&a

(!waji,an )an- &i,!,an(an #l!h h(m /is(al "a&a "!mili(' "!n)!wa' a%a )an- m!n)!wa(an

&an lain.lain' )an- s!rin- (ali ,!r,!n%( (#r"#rasi+ Namn' %!rl!"as &ari i%' &alam

"!r(!m,an-an s!lanj%n)a h(m "i&ana mm j-a s!ma(in s!rin- &!n-an masalah %!rs!,%+

S!ma(in ,an)a( "!rn&an-.n&an-an &an "!ra%ran a&minis%ra%i/ ,ar )an- ,!rmnclan+

Dalam a%ran.a%ran %!rs!,%' "!m,a% n&an-.n&an- m!rj( "a&a "!n-!m,an ha(.ha(

war-a )an- ,an)a( ,!r,!n%( (#r"#rasi+ @ilamana sa% (!waji,an %i&a( &i"!nhi' ma(a

,!ranja( &ari sis%!m "!rn&an-.n&an-an )an- a&a' (#r"#rasi j-a &imn-(in(an n%(

&i"an&an- s!,a-ai "!la(+ Di @!lan&a' (!mn-(inan ini s&ah lama &i(!nal &alam

waterschapsverordening1"!ra%ran- %!n%an- %a%a -na &an lal lin%as "!rairan2 )an- s!rin-

m!waji,(an "!mili( %anah )an- %!rl!%a( &isam"in- (ali a%a salran air n%( m!m,!rsih(an

a%a m!nja-a (!,!rsihan(!waji,an )an- &iancam &!n-an san(si "i&ana a"a,ila &ilalai(an+

Dalam "ra(%!( common law' P!n-a&ilan In--ris "!r%ama (ali m!m,!rla((an

"!r%an--n-jawa,an "i&ana (#r"#rasi han)a ,a-i (ass.(ass "!lan--aran (!waji,an h(m

#l!h (#r"#rasi.(#r"#rasi uasi-public )an- han)a ,!rsi/a% "!lan--aran (!%!r%i,an mm 1public

nuisance2+ S!jalan &!n-an s!ma(in m!nin-(a%n)a jmlah &an "!ranan (#r"#rasi' "!n-a&ilan

m!m"!rlas "!r%an--n-jawa,an "i&ana (#r"#rasi "a&a ,!n%(.,!n%( "!lan--aran a%a

(!jaha%an )an- %i&a( %!rlal s!ris )an- %i&a( m!m!rl(an "!m,(%ian mens reaa%a criminal

intent 1o""enses that did not reuire criminal intent2' )an- &i&asar(an "a&a (%rin vicarious

liability+ Hal ini &ii(%i #l!h "!n-a&ilan &i Am!ri(a S!ri(a% )an- %r% m!m,!rla((an

(!%!%a"an )an- s!r"a+

P!m,!,anan "!r%an--n-jawa,an "i&ana (#r"#rasi %!rha&a" (!jaha%an )an- m!m!rl(an

"!m,(%ian mens rea,ar &ila((an s!%!lah m!lali wa(% &an "!r(!m,an-an )an- lam,a%+ Di



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Am!ri(a S!ri(a%' "!n!ra"an corporate criminal liability "!r%ama (ali &i%!ra"(an &alam (ass

/ew 1ork %entral 2 #udson 3iver 3ailroad %ompany v. nited 4tates' &imana "!m!rin%ah

Am!ri(a S!ri(a% m!n&a(wa "!rsahaan N!w Y#r( 6!n%ral %!lah m!lan--ar5lkins $ctsection.

1.2. Impementasi Kebijakan.

Analisa s!cara /a(%#r !(s%!nal' sa% (#r"#rasi a&alah s!,ah a,s%ra(si &imana (!jaha%an

(##r"#rasi+ Ia %i&a( ,!r&iri &an %m,h )ai% (ar!na a&a (!h!n&a( )an- hars &icari a%a

&i%!m(an n%( %jan %!r%!n% )an- &a"a% &is!,% s!,a-ai a-!n8"!ran%ara' )an- ,!nar.,!nar

m!r"a(an #%a( &an (!h!n&a( n%( m!n-arah(an 1directing mind and will2' ma(a %in&a(ann)a

"as%i m!r"a(an %in&a(an &ari "!rsahaan i% s!n&iri+ D!n-an (a%a lain nsr mens rea &ari

"!r%an--n-jawa,an "i&ana (#r"#rasi %!r"!nhi &!n-an &i"!nhin)a nsr mens rea"!n-rs

(#r"#rasi a%a "!rsahaan %!rs!,%+ @!-i% "la &!n-an actus reus )an- &iwj&(an #l!h

"!n-rs (#r"#rasi )an- ,!rar%i m!r"a(an actus reus"!rsahaan+ Hal ini &a"a% &iliha% %!rha&a"

"!la( %in&a( "i&ana )an- ,!r(#m"l#% a%a ,!r(#ns"irasi n%( m!n--!la"(an an- &an

m!m"!r#l!h an- &!n-an cara m!ni"+ Ji(a m!man- &!mi(ian s!harsn)a P!n-a&ilan

,!r"!n&a"a% ,ahwa %i&a( a&a alasan m!n-a"a sa% (#r"#rasi )an- &a"a% m!n-i(a%(an &irin)a

&alam sa% "!rjanjian &!n-an in&i$i& a%a (#r"#rasi lain %i&a( &a"a% m!m!nhi nsr mens

rea(!%i(a (#r"#rasi %!rs!,% m!li,a%(an &irin)a &alam "!rjanjian )an- m!nja&i &asar %ama

(#ns"irasi &an "!ni"an %!rs!,% &an s!cara mm %!rha&a" "!rsahaan )an- m!r"a(an

(!h!n&a( ,!r%in&a( &an m!n-arah(an 1acting and directing will2 &ari "!rsahaan+ Nia% n%(

m!la((an %in&a( "i&ana 1mens rea2 &an %in&a(an h(mn)a 1actus reus2 m!r"a(an nia% &an

%in&a(an &ari "!rsahaan &an ,ahwa (#ns"irasi n%( "!n--!la"an an- &an "!ni"an

m!r"a(an (!jaha%an )an- mam" &iwj&(an #l!h sa% "!rsahaan+

II+ PEM@AHASAN

4+0+ PE!"AN##UN#AN $A%A& PIDANA 'E&A#AI AKI&A" (ELA%AN HUKU(

KE$AHA"AN K)!P)!A'I

T!r&a"a%n)a ,!,!ra"a "rinsi" a%a (#ns!" )an- "!n%in-+ Pertama' directing mind &ari

sa% (#r"#rasi a%a "!rsahaan %i&a( %!r,a%as han)a sa% in&i$i& saja+ S!jmlah "!ja,a%

(#r"#rasi a%a an--#%a &ir!(si ,isa m!m,!n%( directing mind. Ked*a' /a(%#r -!#-ra/is %i&a(



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,!r"!n-arh+ Fa(%a ,ahwa sa% (#r"#rasi m!mili(i ,an)a( #"!rasi a%a ca,an- &i &a!rah )an-

,!r,!&a.,!&a %i&a( a(an m!m"!n-arhi "!n!n%an in&i$i&.in&i$i& )an- mana )an- m!nja&i

directing minds (#r"#rasi+ D!n-an &!mi(ian' s!s!#ran- %i&a( &a"a% m!n-hin&ar &ari %an--n-

jawa, han)a (ar!na ia %i&a( &i%!m"a%(an a%a ,!r%-as &i &a!rah &imana "!r,a%an m!lawan

h(m &ila((an+ Keti+a' (#r"#rasi%i&a( ,isa lari &ari %an--n- jawa, &!n-an ,!r(ilah ,ahwa

in&i$i&.in&i$i& %!rs!,% m!la((an "!r,a%an m!lawan h(m m!s(i"n %!lah a&a ins%r(si

n%( m!la((an %in&a(an lain )an- sah 1%i&a( m!lawan h(m2+ An--#%a &ir!(si &an "!ja,a%

(#r"#rasi lainn)a m!mili(i (!waji,an n%( m!n-awasi %in&a( %an&( "ara "!-awai l!,ih &ari

s!(!&ar m!n!%a"(an "an&an mm )an- m!laran- %in&a(an ill!-al+Keempat' n%( &a"a%

&in)a%a(an ,!rsalah m!la((an "!r,a%an m!lawan h(m' in&i$i& ,!rsan-(%an hars

m!mili(i criminal intent a%a mens rea+ Directing mind &an mens rea a&a "a&a in&i$i& )an-

sama+ Namn &alam %!#ri i&!n%i/i(asi' an--#%a &ir!(si a%a "!ja,a% (#r"#rasi lain )an-

m!r"a(andirecting mind (#r"#rasi %i&a( ,isa &i(!na(an %an--n- jawa, a%as "!r,a%an

m!lawan h(m )an- &ila((an %an"a m!r!(a sa&ari+ Keima' n%( &a"a% m!n!ra"(an %!#ri

i&!n%i/i(asi hars &a"a% &i,(%i(an,ahwa %in&a(an s!#ran-directing mind a&alah : i2 ,!r&asar(an

%-as a%a ins%r(si )an- &i%-as(an "a&an)a' ii2 ,(an m!r"a(an "!ni"an 1"raud2 )an-

&ila((an %!rha&a" "!rsahaan' &an iii2 &ima(s&(an n%( &a"a% m!n&a%an-(an (!n%n-an

,a-i "!rsahaan+ Keenam' %an--n- jawa, (#r"#rasi m!m!rl(an analisa (#n%!(s%al+ D!n-an

(a%a lain' "!n!n%ann)a hars &ila((an ,!r&asar(ancase-to-case basis+ Ja,a%an s!s!#ran-

&alam "!rsahaan %i&a( s!cara #%#ma%is m!nja&i(ann)a ,!r%an--n-jawa,+ P!nilaian %!rha&a"

(!w!nan-an s!s!#ran- n%( m!n!%a"(an (!,ija(an (#r"#rasi a%a (!"%san (#r"#rasi )an-

"!n%in- hars &ila((an &alam (#n%!(s (!a&aan )an- %!r%!n% 1particular circumstances2+

Dalam hal P!r%an--n-an Jawa, Pi&ana s!,a-ai a(ai,a% P!r,a%an M!lawan H(m

K!jaha%an K#r"#rasi+ K#r"#rasi s!,a-ai ,a&an h(m s&ah %!n% m!mili(i i&!n%i%as h(m

%!rs!n&iri+ I&!n%i%as h(m sa% (#r"#rasi a%a "!rsahaan %!r"isah &ari i&!n%i%as h(m "ara

"!m!-an- sahamn)a' &ir!(si' ma"n #r-an.#r-an lainn)a+ Dalam (ai&ah h(m "!r&a%a 1civil

law2' j!las &i%!%a"(an ,ahwa sa% (#r"#rasi a%a ,a&an h(m m!r(a"an s,j!( h(m

"!r&a%a &a"a% m!la((an a(%i$i%as jal ,!li' &a"a% m!m,a% "!rjanjian a%a (#n%ra( &!n-an

"iha( lain' s!r%a &a"a% m!nn%% &an &i%n%% &i "!n-a&ilan &alam h,n-an (!"!r&a%aan+ Para

"!m!-an- saham m!ni(ma%i (!n%n-an )an- &i"!r#l!h &ari (#ns!" %an--n- jawa, %!r,a%as'



9/36

&an (!-ia%an (#r"#rasi ,!rlan-sn- %!rs.m!n!rs' &alam ar%i ,ahwa (!,!ra&aann)a %i&a( a(an

,!r,ah m!s(i"n a&a "!nam,ahan an--#%a.an--#%a ,ar a%a ,!rh!n%in)a a%a m!nin--aln)a

an--#%a.an--#%a )an- a&a+ Namn sam"ai saa% ini' (#ns!" "!r%an--n-jawa,an "i&ana #l!h

(#r"#rasi s!,a-ai "ri,a&i 1corporate criminal liability2 m!r"a(an hal )an- masih m!n-n&an-

"!r&!,a%an+ @an)a( "iha( )an- %i&a( m!n&(n- "an&an-an ,ahwa sa% (#r"#rsi )an-

wj&n)a s!m &a"a% m!la((an sa% %in&a( (!jaha%an s!r%a m!mili(i criminal intent)an-

m!lahir(an "!r%an--n-jawa,an "i&ana+ Disam"in- i%' ms%ahil n%( &a"a% m!n-ha&ir(an &i

(#r"#rasi &!n-an /isi( )an- s!,!narn)a &alam ran- "!n-a&ilan &an &&( &i (rsi %!r&a(wa

-na m!njalani "r#s!s "!ra&ilan+

@ai( &alam sis%!m h(m common law ma"n civil law' san-a% sli% n%( &a"a%

m!n-a%ri,si(an sa% ,!n%( %in&a(an %!r%!n% 1actus reus a%aguilty act2 s!r%a m!m,(%i(annsr mens rea 1criminal intent a%aguilty mind2 &ari sa% !n%i%as a,s%ra( s!"!r%i (#r"#rasi+ Di

Inn!sia' m!s(i"n n&an-.n&an- &ia%as &a"a% &ija&i(an s!,a-ai lan&asan h(m n%(

m!m,!,an(an criminal liability %!rha&a" (#r"#rasi' namn P!n-a&ilan Pi&ana sam"ai saa% ini

%!r(!san !n--an n%( m!n-a(i &an m!m"!r-na(an "!ra%ran."!ra%ran %!rs!,%+ Hal ini

&a"a% &iliha% &ari s!&i(i%n)a (ass.(ass (!jaha%an (#r"#rasi &i "!n-a&ilan &an %!n% saja

,!r&am"a( "a&a san-a% s!&i(i%n)a (!"%san "!n-a&ilan ,!r(ai%an &!n-an (!jaha%an (#r"#rasi+

A(i,a%n)a' %i&a( a&a acan )an- &a"a% &ija&i(an s!,a-ai "r!s!&!n ,a-i lin-(n-an "!ra&ilan &i

Inn!sia+ Da (ass )an- mncl &i "!ra&ilan sam"ai &!n-an saa% ini han)a ,!r(ai%an &!n-an

"!lan--aran lin-(n-an hi&"+













10/36


S!ma(in ,an)a( "!rn&an-.n&an-an &an "!ra%ran a&minis%ra%i/ ,ar )an-

,!rmnclan+ Dalam a%ran.a%ran %!rs!,%' "!m,a% n&an-.n&an- m!rj( "a&a"!n-!m,an ha(.ha( war-a )an- ,an)a( ,!r,!n%( (#r"#rasi+ @ilamana sa% (!waji,an %i&a(

&i"!nhi' ma(a ,!ranja( &ari sis%!m "!rn&an-.n&an-an )an- a&a' (#r"#rasi j-a

&imn-(in(an n%( &i"an&an- s!,a-ai "!la(+ Di @!lan&a' (!mn-(inan ini s&ah lama

&i(!nal &alam waterschapsverordening1"!ra%ran- %!n%an- %a%a -na &an lal lin%as "!rairan2

)an- s!rin- m!waji,(an "!mili( %anah )an- %!rl!%a( &isam"in- (ali a%a salran air n%(

m!m,!rsih(an a%a m!nja-a (!,!rsihan.(!waji,an )an- &iancam &!n-an san(si "i&ana a"a,ila

&ilalai(an+









(!%!%a"an )an- s!r"a+ P!m,!,anan "!r%an--n-jawa,an "i&ana (#r"#rasi %!rha&a" (!jaha%an

)an- m!m!rl(an "!m,(%ian mens rea ,ar &ila((an s!%!lah m!lali wa(% &an

"!r(!m,an-an )an- lam,a%+ Di Am!ri(a S!ri(a%' "!n!ra"an corporate criminal liability"!r%ama

(ali &i%!ra"(an &alam (ass /ew 1ork %entral 2 #udson 3iver 3ailroad %ompany v. nited

4tates' &imana "!m!rin%ah Am!ri(a S!ri(a% m!n&a(wa "!rsahaan N!w Y#r( 6!n%ral %!lah

m!lan--ar5lkins $ctsection I+

Tin&a(an )an- &ila((an s!s!#ran- &i&-a m!la((an (!jaha%an &a"a% &iji ,!r&asar(an

(a!&ah h(m )an- &ilan--ar a"a(ah %in&a(an s!s!#ran- %!rs!,% %!rmas( (a%!-#ri %in&a(an

)an- m!r"a(an mala in se a%a "!r,a%an )an- m!r"a(an mala in prohibita+ Tin&a(an )an-

%!rmas( mala in se' a&alah "!r,a%an )an- m!lawan h(m' a&a a%a %i&a( a&a "!ra%ran )an-



11/36

m!laran-n)a misaln)a m!ncri' m!ni"' m!m,nh' &an s!,a-ain)a+ S!&an-(an "!r,a%an )an-

m!r"a(an mala in prohibitaa&alah "!r,a%an )an- &in)a%a(an m!lan--ar h(m a"a,ila a&a

a%ran )an- m!laran-n)a misaln)a a%ran.a%ran lal lin%as &i jalan ra)a' a%ran.a%ran

a&minis%rasi in%!rnal sa% l!m,a-a+ A"a,ila %in&a(an s!s!#ran- i% %!rmas( "!r,a%an mala in

prohibita' a&a (!mn-(inan &ia han)a m!lan--ar a%ran a&minis%rasi &an %i&a( &a"a% &i(!na(an

h(man "i&ana m!lain(an han)a %in&a(an a&minis%ra%i/+ Namn' a"a,ila %in&a(an )an-

&ila((an s!s!#ran- i% %!rmas( (a%!-#ri mala in se' misaln)a' &alam (ass #,li-#r m!s(i"n

&ana %!rs!,% &i(!m,ali(an' nsr %in&a( "i&anan)a %i&a( hilan-' "!n-!m,alian %!rs!,% han)a

m!r"a(an nsr "!r%im,an-an n%( m!m,!ri (!rin-anan h(man+ Un%( i% "!rl &i%!lsri

(a!&ah h(m a"a )an- &ilan--ar B A"a(ah %in&a(an %!rs!,% %!rmas( m!lan--ar (a!&ah

h(m ,ahwa s!s!#ran- %i&a( ,#l!h m!n-am,il ,aran- #ran- lain %an"a ha( s!"!r%i "a&a

"!ncrian' "!ni"an a%a "!ram"#(an ma(a s!lanj%n)a &i %!lsri "la nsr lainn)a s!"!r%i

a&an)a mens rea&an actus reus+












S!ma(in ,an)a( "!rn&an-.n&an-an &an "!ra%ran a&minis%ra%i/ ,ar )an- ,!rmnclan+

Dalam a%ran.a%ran %!rs!,%' "!m,a% n&an-.n&an- m!rj( "a&a "!n-!m,an ha(.ha(

war-a )an- ,an)a( ,!r,!n%( (#r"#rasi+ @ilamana sa% (!waji,an %i&a( &i"!nhi' ma(a

,!ranja( &ari sis%!m "!rn&an-.n&an-an )an- a&a' (#r"#rasi j-a &imn-(in(an n%(

&i"an&an- s!,a-ai "!la(+ Di @!lan&a' (!mn-(inan ini s&ah lama &i(!nal &alam

waterschapsverordening 1"!ra%ran- %!n%an- %a%a -na &an lal lin%as "!rairan2 )an- s!rin-



12/36

m!waji,(an "!mili( %anah )an- %!rl!%a( &isam"in- (ali a%a salran air n%( m!m,!rsih(an

a%a m!nja-a (!,!rsihan(!waji,an )an- &iancam &!n-an san(si "i&ana a"a,ila &ilalai(an+ 05









(!%!%a"an )an- s!r"a+

P!m,!,anan "!r%an--n-jawa,an "i&ana (#r"#rasi %!rha&a" (!jaha%an )an- m!m!rl(an

"!m,(%ian mens rea,ar &ila((an s!%!lah m!lali wa(% &an "!r(!m,an-an )an- lam,a%+ Di

Am!ri(a S!ri(a%' "!n!ra"an corporate criminal liability "!r%ama (ali &i%!ra"(an &alam (ass

/ew 1ork %entral 2 #udson 3iver 3ailroad %ompany v. nited 4tates' &imana "!m!rin%ah

Am!ri(a S!ri(a% m!n&a(wa "!rsahaan N!w Y#r( 6!n%ral %!lah m!lan--ar5lkins $ctsection I+

2.2. (ALA IN 'E

Tin&a(an )an- &ila((an s!s!#ran- &i&-a m!la((an (!jaha%an &a"a% &iji ,!r&asar(an

(a!&ah h(m )an- &ilan--ar a"a(ah %in&a(an s!s!#ran- %!rs!,% %!rmas( (a%!-#ri %in&a(an

)an- m!r"a(an mala in se a%a "!r,a%an )an- m!r"a(an mala in prohibita+ Tin&a(an )an-

%!rmas( mala in se' a&alah "!r,a%an )an- m!lawan h(m' a&a a%a %i&a( a&a "!ra%ran )an-

m!laran-n)a misaln)a m!ncri' m!ni"' m!m,nh' &an s!,a-ain)a+ S!&an-(an "!r,a%an )an-

m!r"a(an mala in prohibitaa&alah "!r,a%an )an- &in)a%a(an m!lan--ar h(m a"a,ila a&a

a%ran )an- m!laran-n)a misaln)a a%ran.a%ran lal lin%as &i jalan ra)a' a%ran.a%ran

a&minis%rasi in%!rnal sa% l!m,a-a+ A"a,ila %in&a(an s!s!#ran- i% %!rmas( "!r,a%an mala in

prohibita' a&a (!mn-(inan &ia han)a m!lan--ar a%ran a&minis%rasi &an %i&a( &a"a% &i(!na(an

h(man "i&ana m!lain(an han)a %in&a(an a&minis%ra%i/+

05 Jan R!mm!lin('#K& ID$/$, Komentar atas asal-asal 'erpenting dari Kitab ndang-ndang #ukum idana !elanda dan

adanannya dalam Kita ndang-ndang #ukum idana Indonesia' PT+ Gram!&ia Ps%a(a U%ama' Ja(ar%a : 4557' Hal+ 055+



13/36

Namn' a"a,ila %in&a(an )an- &ila((an s!s!#ran- i% %!rmas( (a%!-#ri mala in se'

misaln)a' &alam (ass #,li-#r m!s(i"n &ana %!rs!,% &i(!m,ali(an' nsr %in&a( "i&anan)a

%i&a( hilan-' "!n-!m,alian %!rs!,% han)a m!r"a(an nsr "!r%im,an-an n%( m!m,!ri

(!rin-anan h(man+ Un%( i% "!rl &i%!lsri (a!&ah h(m a"a )an- &ilan--arB A"a(ah

%in&a(an %!rs!,% %!rmas( m!lan--ar (a!&ah h(m ,ahwa s!s!#ran- %i&a( ,#l!h m!n-am,il

,aran- #ran- lain %an"a ha( s!"!r%i "a&a "!ncrian' "!ni"an a%a "!ram"#(an ma(a s!lanj%n)a

&i %!lsri "la nsr lainn)a s!"!r%i a&an)a mens rea&an actus reus+

2.,. (EN' !EA DAN A-"U' !EU'

Dalam wacana common law' a&a ,!,!ra"a "!n&!(a%an )an- &a"a% &i-na(an n%(

m!n!n%(an "!r%an--n-jawa,an "i&ana (#r"#rasi+

2.,.1.Identification Tests / Directing Mind Theory

@!r&asar(an %!#ri i&!n%i/i(asi a%a directing minds theory' (!salahan &ari an--#%a &ir!(si

a%a #r-an "!rsahaan8(#r"#rasi )an- %i&a( m!n!rima "!rin%ah &ari %in-(a%an )an- l!,ih %in--i

&alam "!rsahaan' &a"a% &i,!,an(an (!"a&a "!rsahaan8 (#r"#rasi+ T!#ri ini &ia"si &i In--ris

s!ja( %ahn 0>0' )ai% m!lali (assennards %arrying %o. td v. $siatic etroleum %o +'

0>0L A+6+


14/36

Dalam (ass lain &i In--ris' )ai% (ass 'esco 4upermarkets td v /attrass0>


15/36

D!n-an (!salahan )an- &ila((an #l!h salah sa% in&i$i& %!rs!,%' (!salahan i% s!cara

#%#ma%is &ia%ri,si(an (!"a&a (#r"#rasi+ Dalam hal ini (#r"#rasi ,isa &i"!rsalah(an m!s(i"n

%in&a(an )an- &ila((an %!rs!,% %i&a( &isa&ari a%a %i&a( &a"a% &i(#n%r#l+ @!r&asar(an hal ini'

%!#ri ini &i(ri%i( (ar!na %i&a( m!m"!&li(an nsr mens rea 1guilty mind2 &ari m!r!(a )an-

&i,!,an(an "!r%an--n-jawa,an+ P!n-a&ilan &i In--ris &an Kana&a %!lah m!n#la( (%rin ini'

&an m!n-a"si %!#ri i&!n%i/i(asi+ Namn' "!n&!(a%an (%rin ini masih &i-na(an &i

"!n-a&ilan /!&!ral Am!ri(a S!ri(a%+ 07

Di Inn!sia' (%rin ini &i%!ra"(an &alam Un&an-.n&an- N#+47 %ahn 0>>< %!n%an-

in-(n-an+

2.,.,. The #orporate #u"ture Mode"

P!n&!(a%an j!nis ini &i-na(an #l!h As%ralia+ Is%ilah corporate culture&a"a% (i%a liha%

&alam $ustralian %riminal %ode $ct 0>> 1Un&an-.n&an- Pi&ana As%ralia2 )an-

&i&!/inisi(an s!,a-ai ,!ri(% :

an attitude, policy, rule, course o" conduct or practice e*isting within the body corporate

generally or in the part o" the body corporate in which the relevant activities take place;.

Yai% sa% ,!n%( si(a"' (!,ija(an' a%ran' ran-(aian "!r,a%an a%a "ra(%!( )an- "a&a

mmn)a %!r&a"a% &alam %,h (#r"#rasi a%a &alam ,a-ian %,h (#r"#rasi &imana (!-ia%an.

(!-ia%an %!r(ai% ,!rlan-sn-+

M!nr% n&an-.n&an- ini' %an--n- jawa, "i&ana ,isa &ija%h(an a"a,ila %!r,(%i

,ahwa : Pertama' &!wan &ir!(si (#r"#rasi &!n-an s!n-aja a%a &!n-an %i&a( ha%i.ha%i 1c!r#,#h2

m!la((an %in&a(an.%in&a(an 1conduct2 )an- r!l!$an' a%a s!cara %!r,(a' s!cara &iam.&iam a%a

s!cara %i&a( lan-sn- m!n-!sah(an 1authori


16/36

Ked*a' a-!n manaj!rial (#r"#rasi %in-(a% %in--i 1s!"!r%i &ir!(si' (#misaris' manaj!r2 s!cara

s!n-aja' m!n-!%ahi ,!nar a%a %i&a( ha%i.ha%i %!rli,a% &alam %in&a(an.%in&a(an )an- r!l!$an'

a%a s!cara %!r,(a' s!cara &iam.&iam a%a s!cara %i&a( lan-sn- m!n-!sah(an 1authori


17/36

G#,!r% m!n)a%a(an ,ahwa ji(a sa% (#r"#rasi %i&a( m!la((an %in&a(an "!nc!-ahan

a%a m!la((an &! &ili-!nc! -na m!n-hin&ari m!la((an sa% %in&a( "i&ana' ma(a hal ini

a(an %am"a( &ari ,&a)a &an (!"!rca)aann)a )an- %!rc!rmin &ari s%r(%r' (!,ija(an' "ra(%!(

&an "r#s!&r )an- &i%!m"h #l!h (#r"#rasi %!rs!,%+

T!#ri ini m!n#la( "!mi(iran ,ahwa (#r"#rasi hars &i"!rla((an sama s!"!r%i haln)a

#ran- "!r#ran-an &an m!n&(n- ,ahwa hars a&a (#ns!" h(m lain n%( m!n)#(#n-

"!r%an--n-jawa,an s,)!(.s,)!( h(m"ictitious 1(#r"#rasi2+ Hal ini m!r!/l!(si(an s%r(%r

(#r"#rasi.(#r"#rasi m#&!rn )an- mmn)a %!r&!s!n%ralisasi &an &imana (!jaha%an %i&a( %!rlal

&i(ai%(an &!n-an "!r,a%an jaha% a%a (!lalaian in&i$i&al' %!%a"i l!,ih (!"a&a sis%!m )an- -a-al

n%( m!n-a%asi "!rmasalahan "!n-awasan &an "!n-a%ran r!si(#+ 0;

4+9+ PENYEESAIAN KEJAHATAN KORPORASI MEAUI PENDEKATAN RESTORATIF

4+9+0+ K#ns!" P!n&!(a%an R!s%#ra%i/+

K#ns!" "!n&!(a%an r!s%#ra%i/ m!r"a(an sa% "!r(!m,an-an &ari "!mi(iran mansia

)an- &i&asar(an "a&a %ra&isi.%ra&isi "!ra&ilan &ari "!ra&a,an ,an-sa.,an-sa ara, "r,a' ,an-sa

Ynani' &an ,an-sa R#mawi &alam m!n)!l!sai(an masalah %!rmas( m!n)!l!sai(an masalah

%in&a( "i&ana+ 0< Dalam"!n)!l!saian %in&a( "i&ana m!lali "!n&!(a%an r!s%#ra%i$!' sa% (#n/li(

a%a (!rsa(an )an- %im,l a(i,a% %in&a( "i&ana a&alah &i"an&an- s!,a-ai sa% (#n/li( )an-

%!rja&i &alam h,n-an an%ara an--#%a mas)ara(a% )an- hars &is!l!sai(an &an &i"lih(an #l!h

s!lrh "iha( s!cara ,!rsama.sama+ in-(aran "!n)!l!saian ,!r"sa% (!"a&a (!s!im,an-an

m!lali "!m,!rian (!s!m"a%an %!rha&a" (#r,an n%( ,!r"!ran &alam "r#s!s "!n)!l!saian

%in&a( "i&ana+

0;I,i&+

0< R/ins H#%malana H%ar('enanggulangan Kejahatan Korporasi melalui endekatan 3estorati"' Sinar Gra/i(a' Ja(ar%a 4507' hlm+ 057+

Um,r!i% m!nj!las(an ,ahwa:



18/36

3estorative justice is a +victim-centered response to crime that allows the victim, the

e""ender, their "amilies, and representative o" the community toaddress the harm caused

by the crime;.

1 K!a&ilan r!s%#ra%i/ a&alah s!,ah %an--a"an %!rha&a" %in&a( "i&ana )an- ,!r"sa%(an

"a&a (#r,an' "!la( %in&a( "i&ana' (!lar-a.(!lar-a m!r!(a' &an "ara "!rwa(ilan &ari

mas)ara(a% n%( m!nan-ani (!rsa(an &an (!r-ian )an- &ia(i,a%(an #l!h %in&a(

"i&anaC+2

M!nr% "!n&a"a% "!nlis' "!n&!(a%an r!s%#ra%i/ s!sn--hn)a %!lah &i(!nal &an

&i"ra(%!((an &i Inn!sia &alam lin-(" h(m a&a%+ Ji(ala &alam sis%!m "!ra&ilan "i&ana

,!r&asar(an h(m ,ara% s!%ia" %in&a( "i&ana a&alah "!lan--aran h(m %!rha&a" n!-ara ,(an

#ran-."!r#ran-an s!cara "ri,a&i' ma(a &alam h(m a&a% sa% %in&a( "i&ana &a"a% &i"an&an-

s!,a-ai sa% "!lan--aran %!rha&a" #ran-."!r#ran-an' sa% "!lan--aran %!rha&a" sa%

-#l#n-an (!lar-a a%a sa% "!lan--aran %!rha&a" sa% &!sa' s!hin--a m!r!(a masin-.masin-

,!rha( n%( m!n-rsn)a+

@!r(!naan &!n-an "ra(%i( "!n&!(a%an r!s%#ra%i/ &i Inn!sia' @rai%hwair! m!n-a%a(an: 0=

+Indonesia is a nation with wonder"ul resources o" intracultural restorative justice.

'raditions o" musaywarah decision by "riendly cooperation and deliberation-traverse thearchipelago. $dat law at the sama time allows "or devercity to the point o" local criminal laws

being written to complement universal national laws.;

1 Inn!sia a&alah s!,ah ,an-sa &!n-an sm,!r &a)a )an- san-a% m!na(j,(an &ari

"!n&!(a%an r!s%#ra%i/ lin%as ,&a)a+ Tra&isi.%ra&isi ms)awarah "!n-am,ilan (!"%san m!lali

ramahn)a (!rja sama &an "!r%im,an-an )an- c!rma%%!rs!,ar &i (!"laan ini+ H(m a&a%

&!n-an (!an!(ara-amann)a "a&a saa% )an- ,!rsamaan &i"!r%im,an-(an &!n-an h(m "i&ana

l#(al )an- %!r%lis &!n-an %jan n%( m!l!n-(a"i h(m nasi#anal )an- ,!rsi/a% ni$!rsal2+

0=I,i&' hlm+ 05>+



19/36

Marc Anc!l m!n-a%a(an ,ahwa %in&a( "i&ana a&alah m!r"a(an masalah (!mansiaan

&an masalah s#sial (a human and social problem2 )an- %i&a( &a"a% &is!l!sai(an s!cara

m!n)!lrh m!lali (#ns!"si (!a&ilan &is%ri,%i$! a,s%ra(' (!,ija(sanaan "i&ana )an- hars

&i"!r-na(an &alam "!r%an--n-jawa,ann)a hars ,!r%#la( "a&a (#ns!"si "!r%an--n-jawa,an

)an- ,!rsi/a% "ri,a&i (individual responsibility2+ K#ns!" in&i$i& a%a ,a-aimana"n j-a' %i&a(

&a"a% m!n-a,ai(an (!n)a%aan m!n-!nai "!rasaan in&i$i& &an mas)ara(a% %!n%an-

"!r%an--n-jawa,an )an- ,!rsi/a% "!r#ran-an+

M!nr% h!ma% "!nlis' &alam (!,ija(an h(m masa (ini' "!ma(naan %in&a( "i&ana

s!,a-aimana )an- &isam"ai(an #l!h Marc Anc!l ,(an han)a s!,a-ai "!n-!jawan%ahan a%as

"!n-a(an &an "!n-har-aan %!rha&a" ha(.ha( asasi mansia )an- s&ah m!nja&i "rinsi" "#(#(

&alam s!%ia" N!-ara h(m' %!%a"i j-a m!r"a(an "!m,!rian (!s!im,an-an %!rha&a" ha(.ha((#r,an )an- s!cara n#rma%i/ masih ,!lm &a"a% &i,!ri(an s!cara ma(simal #l!h sis%!m "!ra&ilan

"i&ana+ D!n-an a&an)a "an&an-an ,ahwa %in&a( "i&ana ,(an s!ma%a.ma%a s!,a-ai "!lan--aran

%!rha&a" h(m n!-ara %!%a"i j-a m!r"a(an "!r,a%an )an- m!nim,l(an (!r-ian ,a-i

mas)ara(a% (hssn)a (#r,an )an- lan-sn- m!rasa(ann)a' ma(a m&ah &i"ahami

"!r%an--n-jawa,ann)a ,(an &i%j(an (!"a&a n!-ara %!%a"i l!,ih &i"sa%(an (!"a&a (#r,an

s!,a-ai ,!n%( "!r%an--n-jawa,an )an- hars &i%!,s m!lali "!m,!rian -an%i r-i ,a-i si

(#r,an &an ,(an (!"a&a n!-ara+

M!nr% Mla&i' 0> hars &ia(i ,ahwa "!r(!m,an-an (#ns!" (!a&ilan r!s%#ra%i/ %i&a(

%!rl!"as &ari "!r(!m,an-an ilm "!n-!%ahan %!n%an- (#r,an (!jaha%an 1victimology2' )an-

&i"!l#"#ri #l!h #n H!n%i-' s!#ran- ahli (rimin#l#-i "a&a %ahn 0>90 &an m!n&!ls#hn "a&a

%ahn 0>9interactionist victimology2 )an- m!l!(a% "a&a h(m

"i&ana &an (rimil#l#-i m!liha% (#r,an s!,a-ai "ar%isi"an &an "!n)!,a, %!rja&in)a sa%

(!jaha%an (ar!na (!salahann)a s!hin--a hal ini m!r"a(an sa% hal )an- hars

&i"!r%im,an-(an &alam "!mi&anaan "!la(+

0>Mla&i' KKR &an K!a&ilan R!s%#ra%i/' h%%":88www+(#m"as+c#m8(#m"as.c!%a(85598408#"ini80


20/36

Taha" (!&a 1general victimology2 )an- ,!r(!m,an- s!%!lah "!ran- &nia II 10>;2'

m!r"a(an s%&i %!n%an- $ic%imi%as &alam ran-(a n%( m!nc!-ah %!rja&in)a (#r,an m!lali

%in&a(an "!nc!-ahan &an ,an%an "a&a (#r,an 1victim assistance2+

Taha" (!%i-a ,!r(!m,an- "a&a %ahn 0>


21/36

4+ PRINSIP.PRINSIP PENDEKATAN RESTORATIF

@!,!ra"a "rinsi"."rinsi" )an- ,!rla( s!cara ni$!rsal )an- m!l!(a% &alam (#ns!"

"!n&!(a%an r!s%#ra%i/ &alam "!n)!l!saian %in&a( "i&ana' an%ara lain s!,a-ai ,!ri(%:

a2 Prinsi" P!n)!l!saian )an- A&il 1Due rocess2

Dalam s!%ia" sis%!m "!ra&ilan "i&ana &i s!lrh n!-ara' (!"a&a %!rsan-(a

s!lal &i,!ri(an ha( n%( m!n-!%ahi %!rl!,ih &ahl %!n%an- "r#c!&ral."r#s!&ral

"!rlin&n-an %!r%!n% (!%i(a &iha&a"(an "a&a "!nn%%an' a%a "!n-h(man+ Pr#s!s

"!ra&ilan 1&! "r#c!ss2 harslah &ian--a" s!,a-ai ,!n%( "!rlin&n-an n%(

m!m,!r (!s!im,an-an ,a-i (!(asaan n!-ara n%( m!nahan' m!mnn%%' &an

m!la(sana(an h(man &ari sa% "%san h(man+40

,2 P!rlin&n-an )an- s!%araDalam "r#s!s "!n)!l!saian %in&a( "i&ana m!lali "!n&!(a%an r!s%#ra%i/'

(!a&ilan hars %im,l &ari sa% "r#s!s salin- m!mahami a(an ma(na &an %jan

(!a&ilan i%' %an"a m!man&an- s(' j!nis (!lamin' a-ama' asal ,an-sa' &an

(!&&(an lainn)a+ T!r&a"a% (!ra-an %!n%an- (!mam"an sis%!m "!n&!(a%an

r!s%#ra%i/ &alam m!n)!l!sai(an sa% masalah &an m!m,!ri(an rasa (!a&ilanC

&ian%ara "ara "ar%isi"an )an- ,!r,!&a.,!&a' (ar!ns &a"a% saja salah sa% "iha(

m!m"n)ai (!l!,ihan (!(a%an !(#n#mi' in%!l!(%al' "#li%i(' a%a ,ah(an /isi(' 44

s!hin--a a(an %!rja&i sa% (!%i&a(s!%araan &i an%ara "ara "iha( )an- ,!r"ar%isi"asi

&alam sa% "r#s!s r!s%#ra%i/+

c2 Ha(.Ha( K#r,anDalam sa% "!n)!l!saian sa% masalah m!lali "!n&!(a%an r!s%#ra%i/' ha(.

ha( (#r,an "!rl m!n&a"a% "!rha%ian' (ar!na (#r,an a&alah "iha( )an-

,!r(!"!n%in-an )an- s!harsn)a m!m"n)ai (!&&(an 1h(m2 &alam "r#s!s

"!n)!l!saiann)a+

40 an N!ss &an S%r#n-' 0>>>0' hlm+ ;=' &i a(s!s &ari w!,si%!h%%":88www+r!s%#ra%i$!js%ic!+#r-'"a&a hari S!n!n %-l 7 mar!% 4509' jam 07+4 wi,+

R#wlan& ,!r"!n&a"a%' ,ahwa (!"!n%in-an.(!"!n%in-an (#r,an s!rin-

,!rsim"an-an &!n-an (!"!n%in-an.(!"!n%in-an n!-ara+ 47Para "!n&(n- %!rha&a"

(#ns!" "!rlin&n-an ,a-i ha(.ha( (#r,an j-a ,!r"an&an-an a&alah j!las %i&a( a&il

,a-i (#r,an ,ila n!-ara l!,ih m!n-in&ah(an (!,%han.(!,%han ma%!rial'

http://www.restorativejustice.org/http://www.restorativejustice.org/http://www.restorativejustice.org/http://www.restorativejustice.org/


22/36

"si(#l#-i' h(mm' ,a-i "!la( "!lan--ar' s!m!n%ara n!-araa %i&a( m!m,!ri(an

%an--n- jawa,n)a a%as (!hi&"an )an- la)a( ,a-i (#r,an+ 49&2 Pr#"#rsi#nali%as

Ga-asan "airness &i &alam sis%!m r!s%#ra%i/ &i&asar(an "a&a (#ns!nss

"!rs!%jan )an- m!m,!ri(an "ilihan al%!rna%i/ &alam m!n)!l!sai(an masalahs!&an-(an "!n-!r%ian "r#"#rsi#nali%as a&alah ,!r(ai%an &!n-an lin-(" (!samaan

san(si.san(si "!n&!ri%aan )an- hars &i(!na(an "a&a "!lan--ar )an- m!la((an

"!lan--aran+ Pa&a "!ra&ilan "i&ana "a&a mmn)a' "r#"#rsi#nali%as &ian--a" %!lah

%!r"!nhi ,ila %!lah m!m!nhi sa% "!rasaan (!a&ilan r!%ri,%i/ 1(!s!im,an-an

%im,al! ,ali( an%arapunish&an reward2' s!&an-(an &alam "!n&!(a%an r!s%#ra%i/ &a"a%

m!m,!rla((an san(si.san(si )an- %i&a( s!,an&in- %!rha&a" "!lan--ar )an-

m!la((an "!lan--ran )an- sama+ 4@!,!ra"a (#r,an mn-(in han)a m!n-in-in(an

"!rmin%aan maa/ )an- ,!rsahaja' s!m!n%ara (#r,an.(#r,an lainn)a mn-(in

m!n-hara"(an r!s%#rasi "!nh &ari "!lan--ar+!2 Pra&-a Ta( @!rsalah

Dalam "!ra&ilan "a&a mmn)a' n!-araa m!mili(i ,!,an "!m,(%ian n%(

m!m,(%i(an (!salahan %!rsan-(a+ S!ja( &an sam"ai ,!,an "!m,(%ian i%

&ila((an' %!rsan-(a hars &ian--a" %i&a( ,!rsalah+ @!r,!&a haln)a &!n-an "r#s!s

r!s%#ra%i//' )an- m!ns)ara%(an sa% "!n-a(an ,!rsalah m!r"a(an s)ara% &a"a%

&ilanj%(ann)a lin-(aran "!n)!l!saian+ Dalam "r#s!s."r#s!s r!s%#ra%i/' ha(.ha(

%!rsan-(a m!n-!nai "ra&-a %a( ,!rsalah &a"a% &i(#m"r#mi(an &!n-an cara' )ai%

%!rsan-(a m!mili(i ha( n%( m!la((an %!rminasi "r#s!s r!s%#rasi &an m!n#la(

"r#s!s "!n-a(an ,ahwa ia ,!rsalah' &an s!lanj%n)a m!milih #"si "r#s!s /#rmal

&imana (!salahan hars &i,(%i(an+ 4;

47 R#wlan&' 0>>4' hlm+ 0=>' &i a(s!s &ari w!,si%! h%%":88www+r!s%#ra%i$!js%ic!+#r-' "a&a hari S!lasa %-l 9 Mar!% 4509' jam 04+7 wi,+49 Karm!n' 0>>5' hlm+ 700' &i a(s!s &ari w!,si%!h%%":88www+r!s%#ra%i$!js%ic!+#r-'"a&a hari S!lasa %-l 9 Mar!% 4509' jam 07+45 wi,+4 arn!r' 0>>9' &i a(s!s &ari w!,si%!h%%":88www+r!s%#ra%i$!js%ic!+#r-'"a&a hari Ra, %-l Mar!% 4509' jam 05+7 wi,+4; M##r!' 0>>7' hlm+ 0>' &i a(s!s &ari w!,si%!h%%":88www+r!s%#ra%i$!js%ic!+#r-'"a&a hari Ra, %-l Mar!% 4509' jam 07+4 wi,+

/2 Ha( @an%an K#nsl%asi a%a P!nas!ha% H(m

Dalam "r#s!s r!s%#ra%i/' a&$#(a% a%a "!nas!ha% h(m m!mili(i "!ran

)an- san-a% s%ra%!-is n%( m!m,an-n (!mam"an "!lan--ar &alam m!lin&n-i

ha(n)a vis a vis,an%an "!nas!ha% h(m+ Dalam s!ma %aha"an "r#s!s in/#rmal

)an- r!s%#ra%i/' %!rsan-(a &a"a% &i,!ri in/#rmasi m!lali ,an%an "!nas!ha%

http://www.restorativejustice.org/http://www.restorativejustice.org/http://www.restorativejustice.org/http://www.restorativejustice.org/http://www.restorativejustice.org/http://www.restorativejustice.org/http://www.restorativejustice.org/http://www.restorativejustice.org/


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h(mm m!n-!nai ha( &an (!waji,ann)a )an- &a"a% &i"!r-na(an s!,a-ai

"!r%im,an-an &alam m!m,a% (!"%san+ 4>9' hlm+ ;>;' hlm+ 70' &i a(s!s &ari w!,si%!h%%":88www+r!s%#ra%i$!js%ic!+#r-'"a&a hari Ra, %-l Mar!% 4509' jam 0


24/36

4+;+9+ H),ri& S)s%!m

Dalam m#&!l ini' "r#s!s "!n!n%an a%a "!n!%a"an s!s!#ran- ,!rsalah &i"r#s!s &alam

sis%!m "!ra&ilan "i&ana "a&a mmn)a &an (!m&ian &alam"r#s!s "!n!n%an san(si ma(a

(#ns!" "!n&!(a%an r!s%#ra%i/ &a"a% &i-na(an n%( m!n!n%(an j!nis san(sin)a+ Dalamsystemhybrid' ,ai( r!s"#n "!n&!(a%an r!s%#ra%i// ma"n r!s"#n "!ra&ilan "i&ana (#n%!m"#r!r

&i"an&an- s!,a-ai ,a-ian.,a-ian n#rma%i/ &ari sis%!m "!ra&ilan+Mar%in ri-h% m!n-a%a(an' ,ahwa sis%!m "!n-a&ilan a(an han)a &i"!rl(an &alam

s!jmlah (ass.(ass %!r%!n% &i mana "!mlihan a%a r!"arasi s(ar!la %i&a(lah c("' s!"!r%i

"!lan--ar m!n#la( n%( m!la((an "!mlihan a%a r!"arasi s!cara s(ar!la (#r,an m!n!rima

"!mlihan a%a r!"arasi )an- %i&a( s!sai &!n-an m!m!nhi hara"an ",li( "!lan--ar m!n#la(

a%a %i&a( m!n-a(i %!lah m!la((an "!lan--aran "!m!njaraan a%a "!m,a%asan."!m,a%asan

(!,!,asan si "!lan--ar &i"!rl(an n%( m!lin&n-i ",li(+

III+ PENUTUPIII+0+ K!sim"lan

U"a)a "!n!-a(an h(m %!rha&a" %in&a( "i&ana (#r"#rasi &i Inn!sia &i mlai s!ja(

%ahn 0>5.an )an- (!m&ian &ii(%i &!n-an ,!,!ra"a (!%!n%an "!rn&an-.n&an-an )an-

,ar )an- m!n-a%r %!n%an- "!n!-a(an h(mm a%a "!mi&anaan %!rha&a" %in&a( "i&ana

(#r"#rasi' namn "a)a %!rs!,% ,!lm &a"a% m!m,!r rasa (!a&ilan (!"a&a mas)ara(a%

(hssn)a %!rha&a" (#r,an+ K#n&isi %!rs!,% %i&a( %!rl!"as &ari (ran-n)a "!nilaian %!rha&a"

ha(.ha( (#r,an &alam "!rmsan (!,ija(an "i&ana &alam sis%!m "!rn&an-.n&an-an )an-

m!n-a%r %!n%an- "!m,!ran%asan %in&a( "i&ana (#r"#rasi &i Inn!sia+ U"a)a "!nan--lan-an

masih l!,ih m!n!(an(an "!n&!(a%an )an- ,!rsi/a% r!"r!si/ &an r!%ri,%i/ )an- c!n&!rn- l!,ih

m!n!(an(an as"!( "!m,alasan n%( m!m,!r !/!( j!ra (!"a&a "!la( m!n-a(i,a%(an

(!"!n%in-an si (#r,an (ran- %!rwa(ili &an s!rin- %!ra,ai(an+

P!n&!(a%an r!s%#ra%i/ &i"an&an- san-a% !/!(%i/ &alam m!nan--lan-i %in&a( "i&ana

(#r"#rasi #l!h (ar!na (#ns!" )an- &i%awar(an &alam "!n&!(a%an r!s%#ra%i/ a&alah &i sam"in-

"r#s!s "!n)!l!saiann)a l!,ih c!"a% &an s!&!rhana' j-a &a"a% m!nia&a(an !/!( sam"in- )an-

"a&a mmn)a s!rin- %!rja&i &alam im"l!m!n%asi "!n&!(a%an r!"r!si/ r!%ri,%i/+

P!n!ra"an "!n&!(a%an r!s%#ra%i/ s!,a-ai sa% al%!rna%i/ &alam m!n)!l!sai(an %in&a(

"i&ana (hssn)a ,a-i %in&a( "i&ana (#r"#rasi s!,a-ai sa% (!,ija(an ,ar &alam s)s%!m

h(m "i&ana Inn!sia &a"a% ,!r/n-si m!l!n-(a"i (!,ija(an sis%!m "!ra&ilan "i&ana )an-

a&a+



25/36

III+4+ Saran.Saran

an-(ah.lan-(ah &alam m!n)!l!sai(an %in&a( "i&ana (#r"#rasi' &a"a% &ila((an s!,a-ai

,!ri(%:

02 P!n)!l!saian %in&a( "i&ana (#r"#rasi &a"a% &is!l!sai(an %!rl!,ih &ahl m!lali

"!n&!(a%an "!rsasi/ n%( m!n-hin&ari "!n-!laran ,ia)a &an (!r-ian )an- a(an

hilan- 1"#%!n%ial l#s%2+

42 P!rln)a &i,!n%( (!,ija(an l!-islasi )an- m!m,!ri(an &(n-an )ri&is a-ar:a2 s%r(%r (!l!m,a-aan "!n&!(a%an r!s%#ra%i/ m!m"n)ai %!m"a% (!&&(an

&alam sis%!m h(m "i&ana &i Inn!sia

,2 %!r&a"a% lan&asan )an- "as%i s!,a-ai "!man ,a-i "ara a"ara% "!n!-a(

h(m a%a sis%!m "!ra&ilan "i&ana &alam m!la(sana(an %-asn)a m!la((an

"!nan-anan &an "!m,!ran%asan %in&a( "i&ana (#r"#rasi

c2 "r#s!s s#sialisasi %!rha&a" mas)ara(a% a-ar &a"a% m!n!rima (#ns!""!m,!rian san(si m!lali "!n--naan %!#ri responsive regulation+

((((((((((((((( !eri"a ka#i$% !eri"a Ka#i$% !eri"a

Ka#i$& ((((((((((((((((((

0= S"#m#' @a,.@a, %!n%an- H(m A&a%' P!n!r,i% Uni$!rsi%as' 0>;7' Hlm+ >;+



26/36

0;I,i&+

Pertan++*n+ja0aban Pidana oeh Pen+*r*s Korporasi



27/36

Dalam (#r"#rasi a%a "!rsahaan' "ara an--#%a &ir!(si &an (#misaris s!,a-ai salah sa% #r-an

$i%al &alam ,a&an h(m %!rs!,% m!r"a(an "!m!-an- amanah 1"iduciary2 )an- hars

,!r"!rila( s!,a-aimana la)a(n)a "!m!-an- (!"!rca)aan+ Di sini (#misaris &an &ir!(%r

m!mili(i "#sisi "iducia &alam "!n-rsan "!rsahaan &an m!(anism! h,n-ann)a hars

s!cara "air. M!nr% "!n-alaman common law h,n-an i% &a"a% &i&asar(an "a&a %!#ri

"iduciary duty.74L H,n-an "iduciary duty %!rs!,% &i&asar(an a%as (!"!rca)aan &an

(!rahasiaan 1trust and con"idence2 )an- &alam "!ran ini m!li"%i' (!%!li%ian 1scrupulous2' i%i(a&

,ai( 1good "aith2' &an (!%!rs%!ran-an 1candor2+77L Dalam m!mahami h,n-an "!m!-an-

(!"!rca)aan 1"iduciary relationship2 %!rs!,%' common law m!n-a(i ,ahwa #ran- )an-

m!m!-an- (!"!rca)aan 1"iduciary2 s!cara na%ral m!mili(i "#%!nsi n%( m!n)alah-na(an

w!w!nan-n)a+ Ol!h s!,a, i% h,n-an "!m!-an- (!"!rca)aan %!rs!,% hars &i&asar(an

(!"a&a s%an&ar )an- %in--i+79L

N!-ara.n!-ara common laws!"!r%i Am!ri(a S!ri(a% )an- %!lah m!m"n)ai s%an&ar )an- j!las

n%( m!n!n%(an a"a(ah s!#ran- &ir!(%r &a"a% &imin%ai "!r%an--n-jawa,ann)a &alam

%in&a(an )an- &iam,iln)a' )ai% &i&asar(an "a&a s%an&ar duty o" loyality &an duty o" care.

K!waji,an %ama &ari &ir!(%r a&alah (!"a&a "!rsahaan s!cara (!s!lrhan ,(an (!"a&a

"!m!-an- saham ,ai( s!cara in&i$i& ma"n (!l#m"#(+7L 's!sai &!n-an "#sisi s!#ran-

&ir!(%r s!,a-ai s!,ah trustee&alam "!rsahaan+ P#sisi ini m!n-hars(an s!#ran- &ir!(%r

n%( %i&a( ,!r%in&a( c!r#,#h &alam m!la((an %-asn)a 1duty o" care27;L+ S!lain i% &alam

m!la((an %-asn)a %!rs!,% s!#ran- &ir!(%r %i&a( ,#l!h m!n-am,il (!n%n-an n%( &irin)a

s!n&iri a%as "!rsahaan 1duty o" loyality ).7


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%-as n%( (!"!n%in-an &an saha P!rs!r#an+ P!lan--aran %!rha&a" hal ini &a"a% m!n)!,a,(an

Dir!(si ,!r%an--n- jawa, "!nh s!cara "ri,a&i a"a,ila )an- ,!rsan-(%an ,!rsalah a%a lalai

m!njalan(an %-asn)a %!rs!,%+

Dalam (#n%!(s &ir!(%r' san-a% "!n%in- n%( m!n-#n%r#l "!rila( &ari "ara &ir!(%r )an-

m!m"n)ai "#sisi &an (!(asaan ,!sar &alam m!n-!l#la "!rsahaan' %!rmas( m!n!n%(an

s%an&ar "!rila( 1standart o" conduct2 n%( m!lin&n-i "iha(."iha( )an- a(an &ir-i(an

a"a,ila s!#ran- &ir!(%r ,!r"!rila( %i&a( s!sai &!n-an (!w!nan-ann)a a%a ,!r"!rila( %i&a(

jjr+7>L

Un%( m!m,!,an(an "!r%an--n-jawa,an %!rha&a" &ir!(%r a%a "!n-rs (#r"#rasi' ma(a

hars &i,(%i(an a&an)a "!lan--aran %!rha&a" (!(asaan (!waji,an (!w!nan-an )an-

&imili(in)a+ P!n-rs (#r"#rasi &alam hal ini hars &a"a% &i,(%i(an %!lah m!lan--ar good

"aith )an- &i"!rca)a(an "a&an)a &alam m!njalan (#r"#rasi a%a "!rsahaan' s!,a-aimana &ia%r

&alam "rinsi""iduciary duty+

Ji(a (i%a m!n-h,n-(ann)a &!n-an identi"ication theory &alam wacana common law

s!,a-aimana %!lah &irai(an &ia%as' (!salahan )an- &ila((an #l!h an--#%a &ir!(si a%a "!ja,a%

(#r"#rasi lainn)a han)a &a"a% &i,!,an(an "a&a (#r"#rasi ji(a m!m!nhi s)ara%: i2 %in&a(an )an-

&ila((an #l!h m!r!(a ,!ra&a &alam ,a%as %-as a%a ins%r(si )an- &i,!ri(an "a&a m!r!(a' ii2,(an m!r"a(an "!ni"an )an- &ila((an %!rha&a" "!rsahaan' iii2 &ima(s&(an n%(

m!n-hasil(an a%a m!n&a%an-(an (!n%n-an ,a-i (#r"#rasi+ D!n-an (a%a lain' ji(a salah sa%

s)ara% ini %i&a( &i"!nhi' ma(a (!salahan %!rs!,% %i&a( &a"a% &i"i(l #l!h (#r"#rasi' namn

hars &i"i(l s!cara "ri,a&i #l!h #r-an (#r"#rasi )an- m!la((an %in&a(an %!rs!,%+

&*siness $*d+ment !*e

@!r(ai%an &!n-an %in&a(an an--#%a &ir!(si a%a "!ja,a% (#r"#rasi )an- m!n-am,il %in&a(an

n%( (!"!n%in-an &an (!n%n-an ,a-i (#r"#rasi' %!r&a"a% "la (%rin &alam h(m (#r"#rasi

)an- m!lin&n-i "ara &ir!(%r )an- ,!ri%i(a& ,ai( %!rs!,% s!,a-aimana %!r&a"a% &alam %!#ri

!usiness udgment 3ule)an- m!r"a(an salah sa% %!#ri )an- san-a% "#"lar n%( m!njamin

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(!a&ilan ,a-i "ara &ir!(%r )an- m!m"n)ai i%i(a& ,ai(+ P!n!ra"an %!#ri ini m!m"n)ai misi

%ama' )ai% n%( m!nca"ai (!a&ilan' (hssn)a ,a-i "ara &ir!(%r s!,ah "!rsahaan %!r,a%as

&alam m!la((an sa% (!"%san ,isnis+ 95L

Salah sa% %#la( (r n%( m!m%s(an a"a(ah sa% (!r-ian %i&a( &is!,a,(an #l!h (!"%san

,isnis 1business judgment2 )an- %i&a( %!"a% s!hin--a &a"a% m!n-hin&ar &ari "!lan--aran "rinsi"

duty o" care a&alah: pertama, m!mili(i in/#rmasi %!n%an- masalah )an- a(an &i"%s(an &an

"!rca)a ,ahwa in/#rmasi %!rs!,% ,!nar Kedua, %i&a( m!mili(i (!"!n%in-an &!n-an (!"%san

&an m!m%s(an &!n-an i%i(a& ,ai(+Ketiga, m!mili(i &asar rasi#nal n%( m!m"!rca)ai ,ahwa

(!"%san )an- &iam,il a&alah )an- %!r,ai( ,a-i "!rsahaan+90L S!hin--a' a"a,ila %!r,(%i

,ahwa %in&a(an a%a (!"%san )an- &iam,il #l!h &ir!(%r n%( m!m,!rla((an sa%

(!,ija(an (#r"#rasi )an- &i&asar(an a%as business judgment )an- %!"a% &alam ran-(a m!raih(!n%n-an s!,an)a(.,an)a(n)a ,a-i (#r"#rasi' ma(a a"a,ila %!rn)a%a %in&a(an )an- &iam,il

%!rs!,% m!nim,l(an (!r-ian )an- m!lahir(an "!r%an--n-jawa,an "i&ana' %i&a( &a"a%

&i,!,an(an "a&a "ri,a&i "!n-rs 1&ir!(si a%a "!ja,a% (#r"#rasi lainn)a2' %!%a"i &i,!,an(an

"a&a (#r"#rasi+ P!r%an--n-jawa,an #l!h "!n-rs han)a &imn-(in(an a"a,ila %!r,(%i

%!rja&i "!lan--aran duty o" care &an duty o" loyalty.

A"a,ila (i%a m!m,an&in-(an &!n-an "ra(%!( )an- &ila((an &i @!lan&a' (i%a &a"a% m!liha%

sa% beschikking %an--al 0> N#$!m,!r 0>=


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m!n&(n- &ila((ann)a %in&a(an %!rlaran- i%+ Dalam (ass )an- &i"!ri(sa' "!n!rimaan a%as

%in&a( "i&ana %!rs!,% &ian--a" %!rja&i ji(a )an- ,!rsan-(%an m!n-!%ahi ,ahwa &ila((ann)a

%in&a( "i&ana s!cara /a(%al #l!h (#r"#rasi 1sa% ,an(2 ,!r(ai%an lan-sn- &!n-an a"a )an-

&i&a(wa(an+ 97L

Ji(a (i%a m!liha% "ra(%!( )an- &i%!ra"(an &i Kana&a' ,!r&asar(an Un&an-.n&an- H(m

Pi&ana Kana&a' &ir!(si &an "!ja,a% (#r"#rasi lainn)a &a"a% ,!r%an--n- jawa, s!cara "ri,a&i+

Al%!rna%i/ lain )an- &imn-(in(an a&alah m!r!(a j-a &a"a% &i%n%% s!,a-ai "iha( a%as

%in&a(an )an- &ila((an #l!h in&i$i& )an- lain+99L

Pri$a%! M!m,!rs @ill 6.4=9 9L %!lah m!n!%a"(an ,ahwa "!nja%han "!r%an--n-jawa,an

"i&ana %!rha&a" &ir!(si &an "!ja,a%."!ja,a% (#r"#rasi lainn)a &imana m!r!(a ,!r%in&a( s!n&iri.

s!n&iri a%a ,!rsama.sama &!n-an #ran- lain' &an m!nsah(an 1authori


31/36

DA"A! PU'"AKA

@lac(' H!nr) 6am",!ll' !lacks aw Dictionary, !s% P,lishin- 6#+' S%+ Pal' Minn!ss#%a'0>>5' !&+;' hal+ 77>+

Din!' Jan!%' %ompany aw' Macmillan Pr!ss %&+' 0>>=+

F!r-s#n' G!rr)' %orruption and %riminal iability' h%%":88www+icclr+law+,c+ca8 P,lica%i#ns8

R!"#r%s8 F!r-s#nG+PDF

Gr#ss' H)man' $ 'heory o" %riminal ustice' O/#r& Uni$!rsi%) Pr!ss' N!w Y#r(' 0>'

hal+009+

K!!nan' D!nis J#s!"hin! @iscar!' 4mith 2 Keenans %ompany aw :or 4tudents' Financial

Tim!s' Pi%man P,lishin-' 0>>;+

Khanna' +S' %orporate %riminal iability0 @hat urpose Does It 4erveA' 05> Har$+ +R!$+

09;

i"%#n' Phili" &an A,raham H!r3,!r-' nderstanding %ompany aw, @ris,an!' Th! @##( aw

6#m"an) %&' 0>>4+

i%%l!' 6hris%#"h!r M+ Na%asha Sa$#lin!' %orporate %riminal iability in %anada0 'he

%riminali=>+

R!mm!lin(' Jan'#K& ID$/$, Komentar atas asal-asal 'erpenting dari Kitab ndang-


Indonesia' PT+ Gram!&ia Ps%a(a U%ama' Ja(ar%a : 4557

http://www.icclr.law.ubc.ca/http://www.filion.on.ca/pdf/CML%202003%20Paper.pdfhttp://www.filion.on.ca/pdf/CML%202003%20Paper.pdfhttp://www.icclr.law.ubc.ca/http://www.filion.on.ca/pdf/CML%202003%20Paper.pdf


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Rsmana'SH' ertanggungjawaban Korporasi dalam 'indak idana erikanan'

h%%":88www+s#lsih(m+c#m8ar%i(!l8ar%i(!l9+"h"

Sc#%%' 6hari%)' %aveat ?endor0 !roker-Dealer iability nder the 4ecurities 5*change $ct'C

S!cri%i!s R!-la%i#n aw J#rnal' 1#l+ 072+

Sin--ih' Kejahatan Korporasi yang &engerikan' Psa% S%&i H(m @isnis Fa(l%as H(mUni$!rsi%as P!li%a Hara"an' Tan-!ran-' 455+

S#!san%#' +6' Uni$!rsi%as Di"#n!-#r#' 'he 4pectrum o" %orporate %rime in Indonesia'

h%%":88www+aic+-#$+a8",lica%i#ns8"r#c!!&in-s8048s#!san%#+"&/

Ssan%#' I+ S' S%a%is%i( Kriminal s!,a-ai K#nsr(si S#sial' P!n)snan' P!n--naan &an

P!n)!,arann)a' sa% S%&i Krimin#l#-i' Dis!r%asi' S!maran-' 0>>5 1Ti&a( &i%!r,i%(an2+

a-%s' D!%l!$ F+, !asic %orporation aw &aterials-%ases 'e*t, 1N!w Y#r(: Th! F#n&a%i#n

Pr!ss Inc+ 0>=>2

h%%":88!n+wi(i"!&ia+#r-8wi(i

0LSin--ih'Kejahatan Korporasi yang &engerikan' Psa% S%&i H(m @isnis Fa(l%as H(m

Uni$!rsi%as P!li%a Hara"an' Tan-!ran-' 455' Hal+ >+

4LH)man Gr#ss' $ 'heory o" %riminal ustice' O/#r& Uni$!rsi%) Pr!ss' N!w Y#r(' 0>'

hal+009+

7LRsmana'SH'ertanggungjawaban Korporasi dalam 'indak idana erikanan'

h%%":88www+s#lsih(m+c#m8ar%i(!l8ar%i(!l9+"h"

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9LH!nr) 6am",!ll @lac(' !lacks aw Dictionary, !s% P,lishin- 6#+' S%+ Pal' Minn!ss#%a'

0>>5' !&+;' hal+ 77>+

LSall) S+ Sim"s#n' S%ra%!-)' S%rc%r! an& 6#r"#ra%! 6rim!' 9 A&$anc!s in 6rimin#l#-icalTh!#r) 0>72+

;LIbid.

=+

>LIbid. hal+054+

05Lirj#n# Pr#&j#&i(#r#'$sas-asas #ukum idana di Indonesia' E&+4' 6!%+;' @an&n- :Er!sc#' 0>=>' hal++

00LPasal 9; Un&an-.n&an- N#m#r 47 %ahn 0>>< %!n%an- in-(n-an Hi&" m!n)!,%(an :

A)a% 102: Ji(a %in&a( "i&ana s!,a-aimana &ima(s& &alam @a, ini &ila((an #l!h a%a a%as

nama ,a&an h(m' "!rs!r#an' "!rs!ri(a%an' )a)asan a%a #r-anisasi lain' %n%%an "i&ana&ila((an &an san(si "i&ana s!r%a %in&a(an %a%a %!r%i, s!,a-aimana &ima(s& &alam Pasal 92' hal+ 4>0+

7Liha%' Jan!% Din!' %ompany aw. 4weet 2&a*wells 'e*tbook 4eries' Sw!!% Maw!ll'

4550' hal 40>4' hal 794+

7>LJan!% Din!' %ompany aw' Macmillan Pr!ss %&+' 0>>=' hal 0+

95LT!#ri!usiness judgment rulem!n-alami "!r(!m,an-ann)a s!,a-ai )ris"r&!nsi &alamPrinsi" 6#mm#n aw &i Am!ri(a &imlai &!n-an (!"%san #sianna S"r!m! 6#r%' &alam

(ass P!rc) Millan "a&a %ahn 0=4>+ iha% D!nnis J+ @l#c(' Nanc) R+ @ar%#n &an S%!"h!n

A+ Ra&in' 'he !usiness judgment 3ule :iduciary Duties o" %orporate Directors,Pr!n%ic! Halllaw @sin!ss' Thir& !&i%i#n' 0>>5' hal 9

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90LD!%l!$ F+ a-%s, !asic %orporation aw &aterials-%ases 'e*t, 1N!w Y#r(: Th! F#n&a%i#n

Pr!ss Inc+ 0>=>2 hal 404+' liha% j-a R#,!r% 6harl!s 6lar(' %orporate aw' @#s%#n T#r#n%#:

li%%l!' @r#wn an& 6#m"an)' 0>=;' hal 047 )an- m!n)a%a(an ,ahwa !usiness udgement 3uleadalah + a presumption that in making a business decision, the director o" corporation acted on

an in"ormed basis in good "aith and in the the honest belie" that the action was taken in the best

interest o" the company;.

94LJan R!mm!lin(' =p.%it' hal+000+

97LIbid.

99L6hris%#"h!r M+ Sa$#lin!' =p.%it' hal+

kejahatan korporasi tinjauan perspektif restoratif

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